石油沥青质超分子聚集及解聚研究进展

石油沥青质组成复杂，氢/碳原子比低，硫、氮等杂原子含量高，给石油开采、运输和加工处理带来困难，究其原因是石油沥青质分子结构复杂，极易发生超分子聚集，形成聚集体。目前对沥青质超分子聚集的认识越来越广泛，并被石油化学工作者广泛接受。沥青质超分子聚集是通过电荷转移作用、偶极作用以及氢键作用形成沥青质分子之间的缔合，这些弱相互作用在石油体系的分子间普遍存在，实现沥青质聚集体的解聚是重质油高效轻质化的基础。研究表明，采用化学方法改变沥青质分子结构或采用物理方法改变沥青质物理状态，均能在一定程度上使得沥青质聚集体解聚。

Research Progress on Supramolecular Aggregation of Petroleum Asphaltenes and Their Disaggregation

Petroleum asphaltenes have complex composition, low hydrogen/carbon atomic ratio, high contents of sulfur, nitrogen and other heteroatoms. All of the above characteristics of asphaltenes bring challenges for oil exploitation, transportation and processing. The reason of this is that molecular structure of asphaltenes is complex, and it is easy to form aggregates through supramolecular aggregation. The concept of asphaltenes supramolecular aggregation (i.e., the association between asphaltenes molecules through charge transfer, dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding) has been widely accepted by researchers. These weak interactions are common among the molecules in petroleum system. Understanding asphaltenes disaggregation is important for heavy oil processing. Either chemical methods to change molecular structure of asphaltenes or physical methods to change the physical state of asphaltenes can help disaggregate asphaltene aggregates.