致密油藏提高采收率技术瓶颈与发展策略

致密油藏正在成为全球油气资源勘探开发热点领域。致密油藏开发效益在一定程度上反映了一个国家当代石油勘探开发的技术能力和水平。总体来看，全球范围内致密油藏平均采收率为5%~10%，远低于常规油藏。中国致密油藏地质特征复杂，其开发关键技术尚处于突破前的准备阶段，美国相对成熟的致密油藏开发配套技术不能直接照搬应用。针对中国致密油藏采收率低和相关配套技术发展滞后的现状，概述了致密油藏开发和提高采收率的主要关键技术，剖析了待解决的理论认识与技术瓶颈等问题。分析认为，推行致密油藏开发地质工程、保护改造、增渗增能、洗油驱油"多维一体化"技术思路，协同大型水力压裂储层改造，实施界面修饰注水和储层原油氧化实现有效增能增注，开展多环节、多尺度、多场综合调控油水流动行为，显著增强油水流动能力，将是提高致密油藏采收率及开发综合效益的新途径。

Technical bottlenecks and development strategies of enhancing recovery for tight oil reservoirs

Tight oil reservoirs are becoming a hotspot in the exploration and development of global oil and gas resources. The development benefits of tight oil reservoirs reflect the technological capabilities and levels of oil exploration and development in a country to a certain extent. Overall, the average recovery of tight oil reservoirs around the world is about 5%-10%, and is much lower than that of conventional oil reservoirs. China's tight oil reservoirs have complex geological characteristics, and the key technologies for their development are still in the preparation stage before breakthrough. The relatively mature matching technology for the development of tight oil reservoirs from America cannot be directly copied and applied. Aiming at the current low recovery of tight oil reservoirs and the lagging development of relevant supporting technologies in China, the paper summarizes the main key technologies for the development and enhanced oil recovery of tight oil reservoirs, and analyzes such problems as theoretical understanding and technical bottlenecks to be resolved. According to the analysis, the new way to improve the recovery and comprehensive development benefits of tight oil reservoirs will include:carrying out the multi-dimensional technology thought integrating geological engineering, protection and reform, increasing seepage and energy enhancement, as well as oil washing and flooding; in combination with large-scale reservoir reform by hydraulic fracturing, implementing water injection by interfacial modification and crude oil oxidation in reservoirs to achieve an effective increase in energy and injection; carrying out multi-link, multi-scale, and multi-field comprehensive regulation of oil-water flow behavior, and significantly enhancing oil-water flow capacity.