页岩油评价中的若干关键问题及研究趋势

页岩储层的致密性限制了石油在其中的可动性、可动量,这是制约其勘探开发成效的瓶颈因素。而页岩油的可动性、可动量首先与页岩孔隙、喉道、裂缝及矿物组成密切相关,同时还与油-岩相互作用密切相关。前者事关页岩成储的可能性和机理,后者则事关石油在页岩中的赋存机理。因此,页岩的成储机理、石油在页岩中的赋存机理和石油在页岩中的可动性是页岩油研究中的3个关键科学问题;页岩油的富集性与其有机非均质性有关,页岩油的可采性/可压裂改造性与其无机非均质性有关,这是筛选页岩油"甜点"面临的2个关键技术问题。认识这3个关键的科学问题和2个关键的技术问题并建立定量的表征/评价技术是提高页岩油勘探开发成效的关键基础。结合近期的研究和国内外的成果,探讨了页岩油相关的研究现状和趋势,以期能够对推动页岩油理论研究的深入和勘探开发的实质性进展有所裨益。

Several key issues and research trends in evaluation of shale oil

Tightness of a shale reservoir limits movability and movable amount of oil in it, which is a bottleneck factor restricting exploration and exploitation effects. Movability and movable amount of shale oil are closely related to size, distribution, connectivity and mineral composition of pores, pore throats and crevices in shale, as well as oil-rock interaction. The former is related to probability and mechanism of shale reservoir formation, while the latter is related to occurrence mechanism of oil in shale. Therefore, shale reservoir formation mechanism, occurrence mechanism and movability of oil in shale are three key scientific issues in shale oil research; enrichment of shale oil is related to its organic heterogeneity, while recoverability/fracturability of shale oil is related to its inorganic heterogeneity. These are two key technical issues encountered in screening of "sweet spots" in shale oil. Understanding these three key scientific issues and two key technical issues and establishing a quantitative characterization/evaluation technique provide the key basis for improving shale oil exploration and exploitation efficiency. Based on recent studies as well as foreign and domestic research achievements, current situation and trend of shale oil related studies have been discussed in an attempt to propel theoretical study of shale oil and facilitate substantial advance in exploration and exploitation.