新型运输用煤炭抑尘剂的制备与性能

以氧化淀粉,聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,经接枝共聚制备了一种黏结型抑尘剂。经FT-IR对产物结构进行了分析,通过扫描电镜查看了喷洒抑尘剂后煤粉固化层的表面形貌。当m(氧化淀粉+PVA)∶m(AA)=1∶1时,接枝率可达94%。并对表面固化层的的抗压性、抗风蚀性、温度适应性和耐雨水性进行了测试,结果表明:煤粉固化层的抗压强度为0.098MPa;经3h(风速为14～15m/s)吹扫,煤粉损失率仅为2.5%;在-12～50℃不同环境温度下和经3次雨水淋湿实验,煤粉固化层的抗压强度基本不变。该抑尘剂能有效减少在运输中煤粉扬尘污染和损失。

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF DUST SUPPRESSANT IN COAL TRANSPORTATION

A new inexpensive suppressant of coal dust was synthesized by graft copolymerization with oxidized starch,polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and acrylic acid(AA) as raw materials.The structures of the graft copolymer-mixture were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR).Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the solidified layer.With the mass ratio of the oxidized starch plus PVA to AA of 1∶1,the grafting ratio was 97%.The performance of the solidified layer was evaluated.The results showed that the compressive strength of the solidified layer is 0.098 MPa;With the speed of air blasting of 14-15 m/s for 3 h,the loss portion of coal was 2.5%;The compressive strength of the solidified layer was stable as the temperature changed from-12 to 50 ℃ and with the simulated rainfall for 3 times.So the dust suppressant can effectively reduce the particle pollution and the loss of coal during transportation.