前陆盆地构造建模的原理与基本方法

中国中西部前陆盆地构造变形复杂，增大了地震资料的采集、处理、解释与成图的难度，是对圈闭钻探与油气田开发的严峻挑战。应用现代构造地质学的理论与方法建立前陆盆地及其冲断带合理的构造模型，成为油气勘探开发的关键环节。构造建模要综合应用地表地质、遥感、钻井、重、磁、电、地震等资料，将地表构造、浅层构造与深层构造有机结合，建立几何学上内在协调的、运动学上平衡的与力学机制上可行的构造模型。主要遵循4个基本步骤，轴面分析是基础，断层-褶皱形态分析是核心，平衡观念是灵魂，构造复原是手段。中国中西部地区不同类型前陆盆地构造建模的关键环节有较大差别。构造模型随着勘探程度的提高．将不断得到修正，从而越来越符合前陆盆地的特点，满足油气勘探开发的需要．

Principles and methodology of structural modeling in foreland basins

By integrating the surface geology, remote sensing, drilling,gravitational, magnetic, electric, and seismic data, the surface structures, shallow structures, and deep structures could be combined to provide a most possible structural model which is geometrically compatible, kinematieally balanced, and mechanically feasible. The structural model should be built in 4 steps with the axial surface analysis as the basis, the fault-fold geometric analysis as the key, the balanced idea as the guidance and the structural restoration as the fundamental method. With the progression of the exploration activity and the resulting high quality data, the structural models are getting to be modified, to describe more reasonably the characteristics of foreland basin structures, and satisfy more efficiently the needs of hydrocarbon exploration and development.