唐山地区韭菜农药残留检测分析及膳食摄入风险评估

为了解唐山地区流通韭菜的农药残留状况与民众的膳食摄入风险,该研究采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(HPLC-MS/MS)和气相色谱仪(GC)对2020年在唐山地区采集的415个韭菜样品分别进行了68种农药残留定性定量检测,并对韭菜样品中检出的农药进行风险评估。结果表明,415个韭菜样品共计检出41种农药残留,检出率为69.40%(288/415),且多个样品存在联合用药情况;按照我国《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2763-2019)判定,有12种农药的残留量超过了最大残留限量(MRL),不合格率为38.07%(158/415);噻虫胺检出率最高,为41.20%(171/415),但无限量标准;其次是腐霉利,检出率35.42%(147/415),不合格率为30.12%(125/415)。有部分样品检出韭菜禁限用农药。经膳食暴露风险评估结果显示,NEDI/ADI值均小于1,摄入风险在可接受范围内。唐山地区韭菜生产用药种类复杂,存在农药多残留污染、使用禁限用农药和未登记农药的风险。建议加强农药残留例行监测和农药使用管理,确保农产品质量安全。

Detection and Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Chinese Chives Available in Tangshan and Risk Assessment of the Associated Dietary Intake

A total of 68 kinds of pesticide residues in 415 Chinese chive samples collected from the Tangshan area in 2020 were qualitatively and quantitatively measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography to understand the concentrations and dietary intake risks of pesticide residues in Chinese chives from this area. In addition, the associated intake risks were evaluated based on the detection results. Forty-one kinds of pesticide residues were detected in 415 Chinese chives samples, and the detection rate was 69.4% (288 out of 415 samples). Different types of pesticides were found in several collected samples. According to the national food safety standards for the maximum residue limits of pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019), the residues of 12 pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL); 38.07% of the samples (158 out of 415) failed to meet the national requirement. The highest detection rate of 41.20% (171 out of 415) was noted for clothianidin, but there is no MRL for this pesticide in GB 2763-2019. The second highest detection rate, 35.42% (147 out of 415), was observed for procymidone; 30.12% of the samples (125 out of 415) had procymidone concentrations higher than the MRL. Forbidden and restricted pesticides were also detected in some samples. The dietary exposure risk assessment results demonstrated that the national estimated daily intake and risk exposure values were all less than 1 for all samples and that the intake risk values were within the acceptable range. In the Tangshan area, Chinese chive production involves application of various pesticides, with risks associated with the contamination of multiple pesticides and use of forbidden, restricted, and even unregistered pesticides. It is suggested that routine monitoring of pesticide residues and management of pesticide usage should be strengthened to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.