草莓中嘧霉胺的残留与膳食风险评估

为明确嘧霉胺在大棚草莓中的残留行为及其可能产生的膳食摄入风险,进行了规范的田间残留试验及对不同人群的膳食暴露及风险评估。结果表明:大棚条件下,嘧霉胺在草莓果实上的消解速率符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为4.28 d。400 g/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂以有效成分用量562.5 g a.i./ha和843.75 g a.i./ha施药,分别设置喷施2次和3次,施药间隔期7 d。在最后一次喷药后3、5和7 d采收的草莓中,嘧霉胺最终残留量均不超过我国规定的其在草莓中的最大残留限量值(3 mg/kg)。基于残留试验数据和日平均膳食摄入量及每日允许摄入量(ADI),计算得到我国各类人群中嘧霉胺暴露的风险商(RQ)。结果表明,喷施嘧霉胺后3~7 d内的草莓对2~4岁、18~30岁和60~70岁人群的膳食摄入风险都很低,均在可接受范围之内。

Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment of Pyrimethanil in Strawberry

In order to assess the dietary exposure risk of pyrimethanil residue in greenhouse strawberry, the final residues and decline trends of pyrimethanil used in strawberry were studied. A risk assessment was performed using the risk quotient (RQ). The results indicated that the dissipation rate of pyrimethanil in strawberry fruits followed the first-order kinetics. The half-life of pyrimethanil was 4.28 d. The pyrimethanil (400 g/L suspension) was sprayed on strawberries grown under greenhouse conditions at the dosage of 562.5 and 843.75 g a.i./ha with the preharvest interval of 3, 5, 7 d. The ultimate residue levels for pyrimethanil in strawberry fruits were lower than the established MRLs in China (3 mg/kg). The dietary exposure and risk assessment were conducted based on the supervised field trial data. The results indicated that the dietary intake of pyrimethanil from strawberry consumption for all groups Chinese consumers were acceptable. This study would provide more understanding of residue behavior and dietary intake risk by pyrimethanil used under greenhouse conditions.