地椒的毒理学安全性评价

为评价地椒的食用安全风险,本文研究了地椒提取物的急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚急性毒性,采用国家保健食品检验和技术评价规范标准中的急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和经口给药30 d喂养试验。发现了分别给予昆明种小鼠、SD大鼠最大耐受剂量60 g/kg、30 g/kg BW未见中毒及死亡。TA97a、TA98、TA100、TA102和TA1535试验菌株在5000μg/皿、1581μg/皿、500μg/皿、158.1μg/皿、50μg/皿5个剂量回变突变菌落数均低于阴性对照组的2倍。各剂量组精子畸形率和阴性对照组比较,无显著性差异(p>0.05);除低剂量组外,高、中剂量组微核发生率均发生显著性变化(p<0.01)。中剂量组对雄性大鼠体重呈现抑制作用,而对雌性大鼠体重呈现增长作用,同时能提高动物食物利用率;血液中RBC和HGB显著升高,HCT、MCV、MCHC、RDW-CV有所升高;血生化检查指标与对照组对比,能显著降低雌鼠AST,增加雌性动物的CHO、TG水平,对雌雄动物UREA、GLU水平明显降低。除肝、肾外,其他器官未见明显组织病理学改变。表明,急性毒性试验、Ames试验无明显影响;对小鼠精子无致畸作用。受试剂量范围内,地椒对骨髓细胞微核产生有一定毒性;地椒具有潜在的降血糖活性;地椒对雄性动物性激素系统、造血系统、肌肉功能,具有潜在激活作用;高剂量地椒对大鼠肝肾有一定毒性。结果证明地椒在一定剂量范围内安全可靠,本试验为地椒安全食用提供了毒理学的安全性评价依据。

Toxicological Safety Evaluation of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak

To provide toxicological evaluation basis for the safe consumption of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak, the acute toxicity, genotoxicity and subacute toxicity of T. quinquecostatus Celak extract (Tq-E) was conducted in the present study. The acute toxicity test, Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test, mouse sperm abnormality test and thirty-day drug feeding test were used according to the National Health Food Test and Technical Evaluation Standard. The results showed that no poisoning or death was found after the administartion in the maximum doses of 60g/kg for Kunming mice and 30g/kg for SD rats. The number of mutant colonies of TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 test strains at 5 doses of 5000, 1581, 500, 158.1 and 50 ug/plate were all 2 times lower than that of the negative control group. There was no significant difference in the sperm deformity rate between the different dose groups and the negative control group (p>0.05). Except for the low dose group, the incidence of micronuclei in the high and middle dose groups were significantly changed (p<0.01). The body weight of male rats of the middle dose group was inhibited, but the weight of female rats increased, and i the food utilization rate of animals ncreased. RBC and HGB in the blood increased significantly, while HCT, MCV, MCHC and RDW-CV increased a little. The results of blood biochemical examination indices showed that AST decreased significantly, CHO and TG levels increased in female mice, and the levels of UREA and GLU decreased significantly in both male and female mice, compared with the control group. No obvious histopathological changes was observed in other organs except liver and kidney. Acute toxicity test and Ames test had no significant effects, and had no teratogenic effects on mouse spermatozoa. Within the range of test dose, Tq-E had certain toxicity to micronucleus of bone marrow cells, and had potential hypoglycemic activity. Tq-E might activate the sex hormone system, hematopoietic system and muscle function of male animals, and the high dose of Tq-E had certain toxicity to the liver and kidney of rats. The results demonstrated that Tq-E is safe and reliable in a certain dose range, and this experiment will provide toxicological evaluation data for the safe consumption of T. quinquecostatus Celak.