种植海拔对烤烟生物碱组成的影响

采用毛细管气相色谱法测定了湘西北200~1200m范围内不同海拔高度种植的新K326和云烟87的初烤烟叶C3F的总生物碱含量及烟碱、降烟碱、假木贼碱与新烟草碱含量。结果表明:①新K326与云烟87的总生物碱含量与种植海拔显著负相关(P<0.05);②新K326与云烟87的烟碱占总生物碱的百分率随种植海拔的上升而增加(P>0.05);③新K326与云烟87的降烟碱、新烟草碱及微量生物碱总量占总生物碱的百分率均与种植海拔负相关;④新K326与云烟87的假木贼碱占总生物碱的百分率受种植海拔高度的影响较小。结论:适当提高烤烟种植的海拔高度可提高烟叶烟碱占总生物碱的百分率,降低降烟碱、新烟草碱及微量生物碱总量所占百分率,从而降低烟气的刺激性,提高烤烟的品质。

Effects of Altitude on Alkaloid Composition in Flue-cured Tobacco

The total alkaloid, nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine in cured leaf C3F from flue-cured tobacco New K326 and Yunyan 87 growing at the altitudes ranging from 200m to 1200m in the northwest of Hunan Province were determined by capillary gas chromatography. The results showed that in both New K326 and Yunyan 87:1) the total alkaloid significantly negatively correlated with altitude (P< 0.05); 2) the percentage of nicotine in total alkaloid increased with the increase of altitude (P> 0.05); 3) the percentages of nornicotine, anatabine and total micro alkaloid in total alkaloid negatively correlated with altitude; 4) the percentage of anabasine in total alkaloid was scarcely affected by altitude. It was concluded that the flue-cured tobacco grown at properly higher altitude would have better smoking quality, because of higher percentage of nicotine and lower percentages of nornicotine, anatabine and total microalkaloids in total alkaloid, and the irritation of tobacco smoke would reduced.