种植海拔对烤烟石油醚提取物及常规化学成分的影响

为探讨种植海拔高度对烤烟烟叶品质的影响,测定了在相同的土壤基质、种植密度、施肥水平、施肥方案和农艺措施条件下于湘西北石门县与慈利县200~1200m海拔高度盆栽的烤烟品种新K326和云烟87初烤烟叶C3F的石油醚提取物总量、总烟碱、还原糖、总氮、氯和钾含量。结果表明:①海拔与烤烟石油醚提取物总量显著正相关(P<0.05);②海拔与烤烟总烟碱及总氮含量负相关,新K326和云烟87分别达显著(P<0.05)和极显著水平(P<0.01);③海拔与烤烟还原糖和糖碱比值均正相关,新K326和云烟87分别达极显著(P<0.01)和显著水平(P<0.05);④海拔对初烤烟叶钾含量和氯含量均无明显影响。结论:适当提高烤烟种植的海拔高度,有利于提高烟叶的香气量,并使烟叶主要化学成分的含量更加协调,从而提高烟叶的可用性。

Effects of Altitude on Petroleum Ether Extract and Routine Chemical Compositions in Flue-cured Tobacco

In order to investigate the effects of altitude on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf, the contents of petroleum ether extract, total nicotine, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, chlorine and potassium in cured leaf C3F from pot-cultured New K326 and Yunyan 87 growing at the altitudes ranging from 200m to 1200m above sea level in Shimen County and Cili County of Hunan Province were determined with Soxhlet extraction, continuous flow analytical method and flame photometry. The soil matrix, planting population, fertilizing rate and schedule, and culture practices were one and the same. The results showed that: 1) the petroleum ether extract in flue-cured tobacco was signifi- cantly positively correlated with the altitude (P<0.05); 2) the total nicotine and total nitrogen were negatively correlated with the altitude, the significance for New K326 wasP<0.05 and for Yunyan 87 wasP<0.01; 3) the correlations of reducing sugar and its ratio to nicotine with the altitude were positive, the significances for New K326and Yunyan 87 wereP<0.01 andP<0.05, respectively; 4) the contents of chlorine and potassium were scarcely affected by the altitude. It was concluded that the aroma concentration, harmony between major chemical compo- nents, hence, the usability of flue-cured tobacco would be better when the tobacco was planted at a moderately higher altitude.