2017年广西壮族自治区5个城市贝类海产品致病性弧菌污染状况分析

目的 了解广西壮族自治区贝类海产品中副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、溶藻弧菌和霍乱弧菌的污染现状,为食源性疾病防控和微生物风险评估提供参考依据。方法 2017年在广西壮族自治区3个沿海和2个内陆城市采集贝类海产品进行定性检测,其中副溶血性弧菌同时进行定量检测和毒力基因检测。结果 5个城市共采集800份贝类海产品,致病性弧菌总阳性率为76.5%(612/800),副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌阳性率分别为73.9%(591/800)、18.4%(147/800)、0.1%(1/800),未检出溶藻弧菌。副溶血性弧菌阳性率与采样地区、样品状态和贝类品种有关,沿海地区阳性率高于内陆地区,但含量却低于内陆地区；活产品阳性率和含量均高于鲜/冰鲜海产品；蛏子、泥蚶、牡蛎和蛤/蚬子阳性率较高,均在75.0%以上,扇贝和贻贝阳性率相对较低,但含量较高；1.0%(6/591)的菌株检出致病性毒力基因。创伤弧菌阳性率与样品来源、采样地区和贝类品种有关,沿海地区高于内陆地区,农村高于城市,蛏子和泥蚶阳性率最高,均在35.0%以上。结论 广西壮族自治区贝类海产品中副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌污染较严重,需重点加强贝类海产品食品安全卫生宣教,加强沿海农村地区创伤弧菌监测。

The contamination of Vibrio spp. of seashell products in 5 cities of Guangxi in 2017

Objective To determine the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholera in seashell products. Methods Seashell samples were collected from three coastal cities and two inland cities of Guangxi in 2017. Results There were 800 samples were collected. The total positive rate of Vibrio spp. was 76.5%(612/800). The positive rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholera were 73.9%(591/800), 18.4%(147/800) and 0.1%(1/800), respectively. There was no Vibrio alginolyticus detected. For Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the positive rate was related to the samples source, samples status and the species of seashell. The positive rate in coastal areas was higher than inland areas, while the quantity was lower. Both the positive rate and quantity of Vibrio spp. in the live products were higher than fresh/chilled products. The positive rate of razor fish, mud clam, oyster and short necked clam were the highest and all above 75.0%. The positive rate of scallop and mussel was relatively low but the quantity was the highest. Around 1.0% (6/591) of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus positive samples was detected virulence genes. For the Vibrio vulnificus, the positive rate in rural areas was higher than urban areas, and coastal areas was higher than inland areas. The positive rate of razor fish and mud clam was the highest and both over 35.0%. Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were highly contaminated in seashell products in Guangxi. It is necessary to strengthen the health education of food safety and the surveillance of Vibrio vulnificus in coastal rural areas.