我国生牛乳菌落总数和体细胞数调查及其影响因素分析

目的调查我国生牛乳菌落总数和体细胞数情况,分析养殖模式与区域等因素对我国生牛乳菌落总数和体细胞数的影响。方法对17个省(市、自治区)2014—2015年连续12个月共17 527份生牛乳样品菌落总数的数据和6 633份体细胞数的数据进行研究,采用SPSS 19.0的Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验分析养殖模式和养殖区域对生牛乳菌落总数和体细胞数的影响。结果我国生牛乳中的菌落总数、体细胞数的平均值分别为3.27×10~5CFU/ml、46.0万个/ml。来自牧场、养殖小区、散户的生牛乳样品菌落总数的中位数分别为1.00×10~5、1.85×10~5、2.37×10~5CFU/ml,体细胞数的中位数分别为35.0万、73.0万、59.1万个/ml;东北内蒙古产区、华北产区、南方产区、大城市周边产区、西部产区生牛乳菌落总数的中位数分别为2.40×10~5、1.43×10~5、1.50×10~5、1.60×10~5、2.14×10~5CFU/ml,体细胞数的中位数分别为57.2万、33.0万、38.2万、56.0万、40.0万个/ml。结论生牛乳的菌落总数99%以上均可达到我国现行标准的要求,标准对菌落总数的要求有进一步提升的空间。来自大规模牧场的生牛乳菌落总数和体细胞数均较低。

Investigation on situation of aerobic plate count and somatic cell count of raw milk in China and analysis of its influential factors

Objective To investigate the aerobic plate count and somatic cell count of raw milk in China, and analyze how the factors of breeding patterns and breeding areas influence the aerobic plate count and somatic cell count of raw milk. Methods Statistic of aerobic plate count of 17 527 raw milk samples and somatic cell count of 6 633 raw milk samples were collected, during 12 consecutive months from 2014 to 2015 in 17 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions). The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was applied to analyze how the factors of breeding patterns and breeding areas influence aerobic plate count and somatic cell count by SPSS 19.0 software. Results The average aerobic plate count of raw milk in China was 3.27×10⁵ CFU/ml.The average somatic cell count of raw milk in China was 4.60×10⁵/ml.The median of aerobic plate count of raw milk produced in large-scale dairy farms, farming communities and household farmers were 1.00×10⁵, 1.85×10⁵ and 2.37×10⁵ CFU/ml respectively. The medians of somatic cell count of raw milk produced in large-scale dairy farms, farming communities and household farmers were 3.50×10⁵,7.30×10⁵ and 5.91×10⁵ /ml respectively. The medians of aerobic plate count of raw milk produced in the northeast China and Inner Mongolia, the north, the south, periphery of big cities, the west were 2.40×10⁵,1.43×10⁵,1.50×10⁵,1.60×10⁵ and 2.14×10⁵ CFU/ml respectively, and the median of somatic cell count were 5.72×10⁵,3.30×10⁵,3.82×10⁵,5.60×10⁵ and 4.00×10⁵/ml respectively. Conclusion The aerobic plate count of over 99% of raw milk in China met the requirement of the national standards.There was room for improvement of aerobic plate count limit in safety standards. The aerobic plate count and somatic cell count of raw milk produced in large-scale dairy farms were lower than those of other breeding patterns.