微波法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取丁香精油的研究

以丁香为原料,分别采用微波法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,探讨微波萃取对丁香精油提取率和精油品质的影响。以丁香精油提取率为指标,通过正交试验优化微波提取条件,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法鉴定其化学成分,并与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的精油进行比较。结果表明,微波萃取丁香精油的最佳工艺参数为微波功率300 W、料液比1∶4(m∶V)、微波时间25s、提取次数4,该条件下精油的提取率可达到20.65%,远远高于水蒸气蒸馏法的11.33%;从该精油中鉴定出19种成分,其中3种丁香精油有效成分的得率分别为丁香酚13.2%、石竹烯4.4%、乙酰基丁香酚2.2%,石竹烯和乙酰基丁香酚得率分别是水蒸气蒸馏精油的2.8倍和2倍。微波萃取是丁香精油较有效的提取方式。

Microwave assisted extraction and steam distillation extraction of essential oils from clove buds

The clove bud oils were extracted by microwave assisted extraction(MAE) method and steam distillation extraction(SDE) method.The yield and the quality of the clove oils extracted with microwave assisted extraction were investigated in the present study.The optimal extracting conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment Composition of the clove bud oils was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS).The results of orthogonal experiment indicated that the optimum parameters of MAE method for clove bud oils were as follow : power of microwave was 300W,ratio of clove to liquid was 1∶4(m∶V),time of irradiation was 25s,time of extracting was 4.The yield of the essential oils was 20.65%at this condition and significantly higher than the steam distillation extraction method’s(11.33%).Nineteen compounds were identified by GC-MS,representing 99.8% of the total oil.The yields of three main components were 13.2%,4.4% and 2.2% for eugenol,caryophyllene and eugenol acetate respectively.Among the main components,caryophyllene and eugenol acetate were 2.8and 2 times compared with that of steam distillation oils.The MAE has been proved to be a effective method for obtaining clove oil with high quality.