常见食源性致病菌CRISPR系统结构与功能研究进展

近年发现细菌和古细菌中广泛存在规律成簇间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)系统,该系统能够有效地防御噬菌体等外源基因元件的入侵,限制基因的水平转移。而在食源性致病菌中CRISPR系统除了免疫防御功能以外,还可能具有调节细菌毒力等的其他功能。并且食源性致病菌的CRISPR系统呈现出的多样性在不同菌株之间存在差异,这种差异为食源性致病菌的遗传进化、分子分型提供了更为可靠的依据。因此,近年来针对食源性致病菌中CRISPR系统结构与功能的研究逐渐成为热点。为了进一步探究CRISPR系统在食源性致病菌中的作用机制与应用前景,本文综述了几种常见的食源性致病菌CRISPR系统的基本结构及相关功能的研究进展。

Advances in Structures and Functions of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) in Common Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) have been recently identified in most archaeaand many bacteria. This system can effectively defend against invading foreign nucleic acids derived from bacteriophagesor exogenous plasmids, limiting horizontal gene transfer. Also, the function of participating in the regulation of bacterialvirulence has been found in the CRISPR system of foodborne pathogens. There are differences in the diversity of CRISPRin foodborne pathogens among different strains, which provides a more reliable foundation for the genetic evolution andmolecular typing of foodborne pathogens. Therefore, the structures and functions of CRISPR in foodborne pathogenshave attracted great attentions. To investigate their mechanisms of action and application prospects, recent advances in thedevelopment of the basic structures and functions of CRISPR in common foodborne pathogens are reviewed in this article.