人参糖肽结合有氧运动对自发性糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：研究人参糖肽（ginseng glycopeptides，GGP）结合有氧运动对自发性糖尿病（goto-kakisaki，GK）大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法：将40 只GK大鼠随机分为对照组（C组）、GGP 80 mg/（kg·d）组（G组）、有氧运动组（E组）、GGP 80 mg/（kg·d）组＋有氧运动组（GE组）。E组大鼠每天进行无负重游泳60 min，每周训练5 d，共8 周。期间G组按80 mg/（kg·d）皮下注射给药，GE组按80 mg/（kg·d）皮下注射给药GGP（每天先进行无负重游泳60 min，然后立即给药），C组皮下注射给予同体积生理盐水，每天一次，连续8 周。每笼一只，每周称量体质量、进食量、饮水量、排尿量、测血糖一次，末次训练和给药结束后，禁食12 h，乙醚麻醉，腹主动脉取血，检测GK大鼠血清中血糖（glucose，GLU）、胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride，TG）、胰岛素（serum insulin，INS）、C肽（C-peptide，C-P）、肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、游离脂肪酸（free fatty acid，FFA）及一氧化氮（NO）水平。结果：C组、E组、G组和GE组对GK大鼠体质量增长和进食量组间比较均无明显差异（P＞0.05）。与C组比较，E组对GK大鼠饮水量和尿量有降低趋势，但无统计学差异（P＞0.05）；G组和GE组均可明显降低GK大鼠饮水量和尿量（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）；E组GK大鼠TC含量明显降低（P＜0.05），对其他指标均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）；G组GLU、TNF-α、FFA含量明显降低（P＜0.05），INS、C-P及NO水平则明显升高（P＜0.05），但对TC和TG含量则无明显统计学差异（P＞0.05）；GE组GLU、TC、TG、TNF-α、FFA水平明显降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），INS、C-P及NO水平则明显升高（P＜0.05）。与G组比较，GE组第1周饮水量和排尿量有明显差异（P＜0.05），其他各观察点有降低趋势但无统计学差异（P＞0.05），E组饮水量和排尿量均高于G组，但无明显差异（P＞0.05）；GE组GLU与TC含量较G组明显降低（P＜0.05），NO、INS及C-P水平较G组均有升高，TG、TNF-α、FFA含量均有降低，但上述指标均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）；E组TC及C-P水平明显降低（P＜0.05），NO及INS水平较G组均有降低，GLU、TG、TNF-α、FFA含量均有升高，而上述指标均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。与E组比较，GE组排尿量与GLU含量明显降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），C-P含量明显升高（P＜0.05），但对其他指标均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：有氧运动与GGP结合可明显降低GK糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂水平，改善糖脂代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗。

Effect of Ginseng Glycopeptide (GGP) Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Goto-Kakisaki Rats

Purpose: To study the effect of ginseng glycopeptide (GGP) combined with aerobic exercise on glucose and lipid
metabolism disorders in Goto-Kakisaki rats (GK rats). Methods: Totally 40 GK rats were randomly divided into four groups by
blood glucose levels as model control group (group C), 80 mg/(kg·d) GGP group (group G), aerobic exercise group (group E),
and 80 mg/(kg·d) GGP plus aerobic exercise group (group GE). GK rats in exercise group underwent 60 min swimming
without weight loading every day 5 days per week for 8 weeks. GGP preparation was subcutaneously injected to GK rats
in GGP group at the dose of 80 mg/(kg·d). The model control rats were treated with saline via subcutaneous injection for
8 weeks. Body weight, food and water intake, urine output, and serum glucose concentration were measured every week.
After the last training followed by 12 h fasting, glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid
(FFA), nitric oxide (NO), serum insulin (INS), C-peptide (C-P), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also determined.
Results: Among all groups, the body weight and food intake of GK rats did not exhibit significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).
Compared with group C, group E showed lower but not significantly different water intake and urine output (P ＞ 0.05),
but a significant reduction in both parameters was observed for groups G and GE (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). The GK rats
from group E showed a significant reduction in serum TC level (P ＜ 0.05), while showing no significant difference in all
other indicators (P ＞ 0.05). The levels of GLU, TNF-α and FFA in group G were significantly lower than those in group C
(P ＜ 0.05), and the levels of INS C-P and NO were significantly higher than those in group C (P ＜ 0.05), while there was
no significant difference in serum TC or TG levels (P ＞ 0.05). Group GE significantly reduced the levels of GLU, TC, TG,
TNF-α and FFA (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01), and significantly increased the levels of INS, C-P and NO (P ＜ 0.05). Compared
with group G, the water intake and urine output in group GE were significantly reduced after the first week (P ＜ 0.05), and
tended to be lower but not significantly different at other time points (P ＞ 0.05). The water intake and urine output in group
E were higher than but not significantly different from those in group G (P ＞ 0.05). The levels of GLU and TC in group GE
significantly reduced when compared with those in group C (P ＜ 0.05); however, the levels of NO, INS and C-P in group
GE were increased and the levels of TG, TNF-α and FFA were reduced but without significantly different (P ＞ 0.05). Group
E indicated a significant decrease in TC and C-P levels in comparison to group C (P ＜ 0.05), and presented lower NO and
INS levels and higher GLU, TG, TNF-α, and FFA levels but without showing significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). Group GE
exhibited a significant reduction in urine output and GLU level (P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01), a significant increase in C-P level
(P ＜ 0.05), but no significant differences in all other parameters (P ＞ 0.05) compared with group E. Conclusion: GGP
combined with can significantly decrease the levels of blood glucose and blood lipid in GK rats, improve the metabolism
disorders of glucose and lipid, and ameliorate insulin resistance.