细胞焦亡的研究进展及多糖在细胞焦亡中的潜在作用

细胞焦亡是细胞促炎程序性死亡，其强弱程度依赖于胱天蛋白酶（Caspases）活性。Caspases通过切割Gasdermin家族蛋白使其形成无活性的C端片段和有活性的N端片段，后者移位到膜上并形成穿孔，导致水分渗透和细胞肿胀并释放炎性因子，继而引发细胞焦亡。细胞焦亡的不同信号通路机制在各类疾病的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用。多糖作为生物大分子对细胞核因子-κB、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NOD-like receptor protein 3，NLRP3）及活性氧等信号分子均具有调节作用。但多糖能否通过影响相关信号通路达到抑制或激活细胞焦亡的作用有待进一步研究。本文综述细胞焦亡相关信号通路、细胞焦亡在疾病中的作用及多糖在细胞焦亡信号通路调节中的作用，旨在对多糖在细胞焦亡中的潜在作用进行探讨，为进一步开发功能性多糖提供新的思路。

Progress in Research on Cell Pyroptosis and the Potential Role of Polysaccharides in Regulating It

Cell pyroptosis is a form of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, and its intensity depends on the activity of caspases. Caspases can cleave gasdermin family proteins to form inactive C-terminal fragments and active N-terminal fragments, the latter translocating to the membrane, resulting in the formation of perforations and consequently water infiltration and cell swelling as well as the release of inflammatory factors, and finally triggering cell pyroptosis. The signaling pathways of cell pyroptosis play an important role in the development of various diseases. As biomolecules, polysaccharides have regulatory effects on signaling molecules such as NF-kappaB (NF-κB), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether polysaccharides can inhibit or activate cell pyroptosis by affecting related signaling pathways needs to be further investigated. This article reviews the signaling pathways related to cell pyroptosis, the role of cell pyroptosis in various diseases, and the roles of polysaccharides in the regulation of the pyroptosis signaling pathways, and discusses the potential role of polysaccharides in regulating cell pyroptosis, aiming to provide new ideas for the further development of functional polysaccharides.