食品加工环境胁迫因素对单核细胞增生李斯特菌生物膜形成的影响研究进展

单核细胞增生李斯特菌（以下简称单增李斯特菌）生物膜的生长可导致反复的食物污染。食品加工储藏常用的冷藏、干燥、酸处理以及消毒剂处理等使微生物长期处于胁迫环境下，对生物膜的形成产生影响。本文总结了常见的食品加工胁迫因素对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的影响，其中重点介绍消毒剂处理对单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的影响，同时从膜流动性相关的适应策略、生物膜形成相关蛋白和基因调控表达的角度阐述胁迫条件下单增李斯特菌生物膜的形成机制。胁迫环境下单增李斯特菌生物膜形成的研究有助于揭示真实环境下其生物膜的形成及变化规律；充分考虑环境因素设定清洁、消毒标准有利于降低食源性致病菌传播的潜在风险。

Progress in the Study of the Effect of Food Processing Environmental Stresses on Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation

The growth of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm in the environment can lead to repeated food contamination. Refrigeration, drying, acid and disinfectant treatments commonly used in food processing and storage affect the biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes because of keeping it in stress environments for a long period of time. This paper summarizes the effects of common environmental stresses relevant to food processing on the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes with an emphasis on disinfectant treatment. Meanwhile, the mechanism of biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes under stress conditions is elaborated from the perspectives of adaptation strategies related to membrane fluidity, biofilm-associated proteins, gene regulation and expression, which will be helpful to understand the formation and evolution of L. monocytogenes biofilm in real environments. Consequently, setting standards for cleaning and disinfection by taking environmental factors into full consideration is conducive to reducing the potential risk of foodborne pathogen transmission.