黄曲霉毒素B_1的分子致毒机理及其微生物脱毒研究进展

黄曲霉毒素B_1(aflatoxin B_1,AFB_1)对人类和动物健康构成威胁。微生物脱毒方法安全、高效,已成为目前研究的热点,但仍然存在着作用周期长、脱毒功能不稳定、分离纯化难等瓶颈。因此,找到有效脱除AFB_1的方法和应对措施对保障食品安全至关重要。本文概述了AFB_1的分子致毒机理,包括其在基因和蛋白质层面的作用机理以及毒性位点研究概况;重点阐述了微生物脱毒进展中吸附和降解两种机制的解毒方法,以及细菌、真菌微生物本身及其代谢物的脱毒研究、脱毒酶的发现及机理研究,并对高效、无污染的AFB_1脱毒技术的前景进行展望。

Recent Progress in Research on Toxicity Mechanism and Microbial Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a threat to human and animal health. AFB1 detoxification by microorganisms has become the focus of current research due to its safety and high efficiency. However, there are still bottlenecks such as long action period, unstable detoxification function, and difficulties in separation and purification. Therefore, efficient removal of AFB1 is great significance to ensure food safety. This paper summarizes the molecular mechanisms of AFB1 toxicity, including the mechanisms of action at the gene and protein levels and the toxicity sites. It focuses on recent progress in the microbial detoxification of AFB1 by adsorption and degradation, including bacteria, fungi and their metabolite, as well as the discovery and mechanisms of action of detoxification enzymes. In addition, the prospects of AFB1 detoxification technology with high efficiency and without pollution are also highlighted.