季也蒙毕赤酵母Y35-1菌株对枇杷采后炭疽病的抑菌效果及保鲜作用

利用从原生态枇杷果实上分离筛选并鉴定的、能显著抑制炭疽病的季也蒙毕赤酵母Y35-1菌株,研究其抑菌抗腐效果,并将其制成液体和固体型菌剂在枇杷贮藏保鲜方面应用。结果表明:拮抗酵母Y35-1菌株能够有效抑制枇杷炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌孢子的萌发,能够在病原菌菌丝上寄生而抑制菌丝的正常生长,不接触对峙培养实验显示Y35-1菌株能够有效抑制病原菌菌丝的扩展和生长。保鲜应用表明:酵母Y35-1液体和活性冻干粉菌剂均能明显抑制枇杷果实贮藏期间的病害腐烂发生率,贮藏至第20天时,两处理组果实腐烂指数分别仅为2.25%和3.60%;且这两种生防菌剂对枇杷的硬度、质量损失率、可溶性固形物、果皮细胞膜透性、总糖含量、总酸含量、VC含量均起到了一定的维持作用。Y35-1酵母液体菌剂在4℃条件下、活性冻干粉菌剂在-20℃条件下最适宜存放,且海藻糖对Y35-1酵母贮藏期间生活力和生防效力起到了保护作用。研究结果显示Y35-1菌株对采后枇杷胶孢炭疽菌有明显的抑菌作用,液体和固体剂型的生防制剂均对采后枇杷具有抑腐保鲜效果。

Inhibitory Effect of Pichia guilliermondii Y35-1 against Postharvest Anthracnose Infection in Loquat Fruit and Its Effect on Quality Preservation

The antagonistic yeast Pichia guilliermondii Y35-1, isolated from loquat fruit was evaluated for its inhibitory activity against postharvest anthracnose infection in loquat fruit. Also, the application of liquid and solid-state cultures of strain Y35-1 as preservatives for loquat fruit was investigated. The results showed that the P. guilliermondii Y35-1 could inhibit spore germination in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides as an anthracnose pathogen for loquat fruit; Y35-1 could inhibit parasitize its hyphae and inhibit its growth. Non-contact culture confrontation test showed that strain Y35-1 could significantly inhibit the expansion and growth of C. gloeosporioide. Both the liquid biocontrol agent and freeze-dried powder of Y35-1 could significantly inhibit decay incidence of loquat fruit during the postharvest storage period. The decay index was only 2.25% and 3.60%, respectively, at day 20 of storage. And these two biocontrol agents played a positive role in the maintenance of fruit firmness, mass loss, soluble solids content, cell membrane permeability in pericarp, total sugar content, total acid content and vitamin C content of loquat fruit. The best storage temperature was 4 ℃ for the liquid biocontrol agent and ?20 ℃ for the freeze-dried powder. Trehalose played a positive role in maintaining the viability and biocontrol efficacy of the freeze-dried powder of Y35-1. In summary, these results showed that Y35-1 had an obvious inhibitory effect on postharvest anthracnose infection in loquat fruit, and both biocontrol agents of Y35-1 could preserve the postharvest quality of loquat fruit.