珠磨法破碎小球藻提取类胡萝卜素的动力学及能量消耗分析

采用珠磨法破碎小球藻冷冻干燥藻和湿藻细胞，以叶绿素释放量为指标评价细胞破碎程度，分析其细胞破碎过程的动力学情况，同时结合能量消耗情况分析细胞破碎程度对类胡萝卜素提取效果的影响。结果表明：一级动力学方程可较好地拟合小球藻细胞珠磨破碎过程。在类胡萝卜素提取过程中，将冷冻干燥藻和湿藻细胞的破碎率分别控制在70%和90%时，其最佳的类胡萝卜素提取量可分别达6.38 mg/g和6.26 mg/g。通过破碎过程的能量消耗分析，发现湿藻细胞破碎过程消耗的能量要高于冷冻干燥藻；冷冻干燥藻细胞质量浓度在40～160g/L时，只要输入相同的比能量消耗，均可达到较为一致的细胞破碎率及类胡萝卜素提取效果；而湿藻细胞质量浓度在80g/L时，可在较低的比能量消耗情况下达到较高的细胞破碎率及类胡萝卜素提取量。本实验结果可为小球藻的细胞破碎过程及其有效成分的开发利用提供一定的理论参考和实验依据。

Kinetics and Energy Consumption Analysis of Cell Disruption of Chlorella sp. for Carotenoid Extraction by Bead Beating

The bead beating method was used to disrupt the lyophilized and wet cells of Chlorella sp.. The kinetics and specific energy consumption of cell disruption were investigated in order to determine the effect of the degree of cell disruption (as reflected by the amount of released chlorophyll) on carotenoid extraction. The results showed that the first-order dynamic equation could well describe the cell disruption process. The maximum extraction efficiencies of carotenoid of 6.38 and 6.26 mg/g were obtained when the percentage disruption of lyophilized and wet cells were 70% and 90%, respectively. It was found that the energy consumption required for disruption of wet cells was higher than that required for lyophilized cells. Consistent results were observed from the disruption of lyophilized cells in the concentration range of 40–160 g/L and carotenoid extraction using the same specific energy consumption. For wet cells at 80 g/L, higher cell disruption and carotenoid extraction efficiencies could be obtained even at lower specific energy consumption. The results of this study can provide both theoretical and experimental evidence for the cell disruption of Chlorella sp., and the development and utilization of its effective components.