产洛伐他汀红曲菌的筛选及中药对其固态发酵的影响

经洛伐他汀（Monacolin K）抗性平板筛选和固态发酵实验验证，从红曲分离源中得到一株产洛伐他汀能力最强的菌株，并命名为M2-1，发酵12 d后其洛伐他汀产量可达1.472 mg/g（以干基计）。结合形态学特征和核糖体DNA内转录间隔区序列分析，将其鉴定为红色红曲菌（Monascus ruber）。考察15 种药食同源中药及其添加形式（药粉、药汁）对菌株M2-1固态发酵产洛伐他汀、色价等指标的影响，结果显示：陈皮粉、山楂粉、山楂汁、桑叶粉、丁香汁、黑胡椒汁、白芷粉制备药红曲效果最佳（P＜0.05），其中陈皮粉红曲和山楂汁红曲的洛伐他汀和色价最高，分别为2.118 mg/g和320.12 U/g，分别较普通红曲提高43.89%和71.79%。本研究发现多种中药能够促进红曲菌产洛伐他汀和红曲色素，为进一步提升传统红曲的药食两用功能提供了新的思路。

Screening of Monacolin K-Producing Monascus and Effects of Chinese Medicinal Herbal Materials on Monacolin K Production in Solid-State Fermentation

One strain with the most powerful capability of producing Monacolin K named M2-1 was screened from red
mold rice (RMR) using Monacolin K-containing plates and validated by solid-state fermentation. The yield of Monacolin K
reached 1.472 mg/g (dry basis) after 12 d fermentation. The strain was identified as Monascus ruber by morphological and
rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The effects of powders and water extracts of 15 edible and medicinal herbs on Monacolin K
production and color value of M2-1 in solid-state fermentation were studied. Results indicated that Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae, Fructus Crataegi, Folium Mori and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae powder as well as Fructus Crataegi, Flos
Caryophylli and Fructus Piperis extracts significantly improved the quality of RMR (P < 0.05). By adding Pericarpium Citri
Reticulatae powder and Fructus Crataegi extract to the fermentation medium, the maximum Monacolin K production of
2.118 mg/g and the highest color value of RMR of 320.12 U/g were obtained which were increased by 43.89% and 71.79%
compared those obtained with the ordinary strain, respectively. This study discovered a variety of Chinese medicinal herbs
that could promote the production of Monacolin K and Monascus pigment by Monascus ruber, which will provide a novel
strategy for improving the efficacy of traditional RMR as an edible and medicinal resource.