果品及其制品中赭曲霉毒素A污染的发生、控制和检测

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)是由赭曲霉、炭黑曲霉和青霉属等真菌产生的聚酮类次生代谢产物,广泛存在于果品及其制品中,特别是葡萄及其制品中检出率较高。由于OTA具有毒性强、可致癌且结构非常稳定、难以去除等特点,世界各国都制定了果品及其制品中OTA的限量。本文就OTA的生物合成、果品及其制品中OTA检测技术、OTA污染状况和控制策略分别进行阐述,并对其快速检测、绿色安全防控等方面进行展望,以期为OTA污染的高效分析和有效控制提供理论依据和指导。

Occurrence,Control and Determination of Ochratoxin A Contamination in Fruits,Nuts and Related Products

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius, and Penicillium spp., which may contaminate a broad variety of fruits, nuts and related products, especially fresh grapes and grape products. OTA is highly toxic, carcinogenic, extremely stable, and difficult to eliminate. Therefore, maximum limits for OTA have been set in many countries. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of OTA, the technologies used for OTA detection in fruits, nuts and related products, and the current status of OTA contamination and propose some countermeasures to control OTA contamination. Future prospects for rapid detection as well as green and safe prevention and control of OTA are addressed. It is expected that this review will provide a theoretical basis and guidance for highly efficient analysis and effective control of OTA contamination in fruits, nuts and related products.