多酚通过肠道菌群调节能量代谢研究进展

多酚是一类植物次生代谢产物,广泛存在于人类膳食中,一般可分为3大类:酚酸类、聚合单宁类和黄酮类。多酚以及其被肠道菌群代谢的产物,能选择性调节肠道中易感微生物的生长,选择性的促进有益菌群(如乳酸菌)生长,抑制有害菌的增殖,也即引发肠道微生态的改变。这种改变对宿主产生重要影响,对宿主能量代谢的影响可能通过如下实现:1)肠道内微生物数量和种类的变化,改变微生物代谢及产酶的种类和数量;2)多酚代谢产物还可与细菌细胞表面作用,抑制酶的活性,从而影响能量代谢,减少脂肪沉积;3)多酚通过干预人体肠道菌群调整能量代谢,为预防和治疗肥胖及相关性疾病提供了新的研究思路。本文对多酚调整肠道菌群从而影响肥胖发生的作用机制进行了综述。

Research Progress in Regulation of Energy Metabolism by Polyphenols via Intestinal Flora

Polyphenols,a class of plant secondary metabolites,are widely present in the human diet and can be divided into three categories: phenolic acids,polymer tannin and flavonoids.Polyphenols and their gut flora metabolites can selectively adjust the growth of susceptible microorganisms in the gut,promote the growth of beneficial bacteria(such as lactic acid bacteria),and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria,thus causing intestinal micro-ecological changes.Such changes have an important impact on host energy metabolism,which may be achieved through the following aspects: 1) changes in intestinal microbial number and species alter microbial metabolism and the types and quantities of produced enzymes;2) polyphenol metabolites can also act on bacterial cell surface to inhibit enzyme activities,thereby influencing energy metabolism and reducing fat deposition;3) polyphenols regulate energy metabolism by interfering with the human intestinal flora,which can provide new ideas to prevent and treat obesity and related diseases.In this paper,we review the mechanism by which polyphenols can reduce the incidence of obesity by modulating the intestinal flora.