结核病患者膳食多样化及营养素摄入情况调查分析

目的:了解结核病患者各类营养素摄入情况及膳食多样化水平。方法:采用横断面调查方法,随机抽取山东省临沂市结核病患者1095人,采用24h膳食回顾方法及食物频率法调查结核病患者营养素摄入情况。膳食多样化评分(DDS),按1周内每消费1类食物计1分,2类食物计2分,总分不超过9分,分析并评价其饮食行为。结果:结核病患者DDS均值为5.06分,得4分者比例达到20.9%;不同性别的DDS值存在差异,女性显著高于男性(p<0.05)。结核病患者的DDS值与年龄之间存在显著负相关关系,相关系数为-0.145(p<0.05)。体重指数在18.5—25.0之间的肺结核患者DDS分值逐渐降低,相关系数为-0.73(p<0.05)。膳食调查结果显示:结核病患者每人日能量平均摄入量为1681kcal,仅为推荐摄入量(RNI)的70.03%。钙和锌摄入量分别为272.27mg和7.53mg,仅为RNI的34%和49%,视黄醇当量(238.67μg)、硫胺素(0.49mg)和核黄素(0.51mg)摄入水平严重偏低,不足RNI的50%。结论:结核病患者多种营养素摄入不足,膳食结构有待改善。

Dietary Diversity Score and Nutrient Intakes of Tuberculosis Patients

【objective】To analyze the DDS（Dietary Diversity Score）and nutrient intake of TB patients,and provide available advice for the prevention of TB through dietary therapy.【Method】1095 TB patients in Linyi were selected randomly to accept the survey of dietary frequency and recall of 24-hour food intake,and the data of nutrient intake was analyzed.【Result】The mean energy intake of TB patients was 1？681kcal per day,which was 30% below the RNI（Recommended Nutrient Intakes）,and the intake of some major nutrients was far behind the average level in the nationwide,especially calcium and zinc,which were daily 272.27mg and 7.53mg respectively,less than a half of the RNI.However,a low diversity of foods was found in TB patients,and there was the average DDS 5.06 points,and 229（20.9%）patients got 4 points.The DDS of female patients was significantly higher than that of male ones（p〈0.05）.The analysis showed a negative correlation between age and DDS（p〈0.05）with the coefficient of-0.145,and a negative correlation with the coefficient of-0.73 was also exist between BMI（18.5-25.0 kg/m2）and DDS（p〈0.05）.【Conclusion】The intake of nutrients in tuberculosis patients is widely deficient with a low level of dietary diversity,which should be improved.