基于DEA的烟叶生产效益分析——以贵州省某县为例

为探索适合贵州山区最佳生产效益的种植规模，以贵州某县187户烟农为对象，对其年龄结构、文化素质、烟叶生产收益进行了调查分析，并用DEA分析了最佳种植规模与效益。结果表明，烟农平均种烟规模2.82 hm2，平均年龄达47岁，不同农户生产水平差异较大，赢利水平变异较大。高中中专的烟农生产效益最高。0~1.33 hm2区间的规模收益递增，6.67 hm2以上区间的规模收益递减。4 hm2以上的烟农，无效投入较多，产出不足。1.33~4 hm2区间的烟农综合效率最佳，是适合贵州当地的最宜烟叶种植规模。建议:一要引导高中中专、20~40岁的农民加入到烟农队伍，使烟农的整体素质得以提升。二要严控大规模种植，提高小户（0~1.33 hm2）的种植面积，形成以种植1.33~4 hm2为主体的烤烟种植模式，以达到效益最优值。 

Benefit analysis of tobacco production based on DEA: a case study of a certain county in Guizhou province

To explore the optimal tobacco planting scale and realize the best production benefit in Guizhou mountainous areas, data of 187 tobacco farmers in a county of Guizhou were collected, including age structure, education background, tobacco production benefit. The optimal tobacco planting scale and benefit were analyzed by DEA (Data Envelop Analysis). Results show that the average tobacco planting scale per farmer is 2.82 hm2, the average age of farmer is 47 years old, and farmers differ greatly from each other in production level and profit level. Farmers with high and secondary school background have the highest production efficiency. The scale income within the planting scale range of 0-1.33 hm2 gradually increases, while that over 6.67 hm2 decreases.Farmers with planting scale over 4 hm2 have more ineffective inputs and insufficient output. The comprehensive efficiency of tobacco farmers with planting scale range of 1.33-4 hm2 is the best. These results suggest that farmers aged 20-40 with high and secondary school background should be guided into tobacco farming, so as to improve overall quality.Large-scale planting should be strictly controlled with planting area of 1.33-4 hm2 as the optimal scale to achieve the best benefit.