雪茄种植户的农机使用情况对其雇工的影响研究——基于四川什邡烟农调研数据

  目的  探究雪茄种植户的农机使用情况与雇工行为的关系, 以指导雪茄烟农业生产。  方法  首先对烟叶种植中的机械和劳动力使用的变迁进行回顾分析，再以四川什邡的雪茄烟农调查数据为基础，运用二元Logit模型和因变量受限Tobit模型分析雪茄种植户农机使用对其雇工行为的影响。  结果  ① 近15年来烟田亩均投入的租赁作业费、机械作业费、人工成本持续上升，印证了烟草种植劳动与资本“双密集”的特征。②在以小规模家庭经营为基础的雪茄烟叶种植模式下，农机的使用并未明显替代人工投入，反而对雪茄种植户雇工有正向显著的影响。③是否加入合作社、种植规模、家庭外出打工成员情况对小规模农户农业雇工也有正向显著的影响，而种植经验、是否为生产组长、购买农业保险则对农业雇工呈现负向显著影响。  结论  雪茄种植过程中使用农业机械能够显著提高雇工概率，这是种植过程中机械与人工环节的不完全替代性以及种植规模扩大的结果，同时雪茄种植户不能仅靠使用农机来提高生产效益，需要进一步优化生产组织模式来提质增效。 

Impact of agricultural machinery usage on hired labor——based on the survey data of Shifang cigar tobacco farmers,Sichuan province

  Background  This study aims to explore the relationship between the agricultural machinery use and the hired labor for cigar tobacco farmers so as to guide the agricultural production of cigars.  Methods  First, the changes in the use of machinery and labor in tobacco planting are reviewed. Then based on the survey data of cigar tobacco farmers in Shifang, Sichuan, the impact of agricultural machinery usage on hired labor is analyzed using the binary logit model and dependent variable restricted Tobit model.  Results  ① In the past 15 years, the rental operation fee, mechanical operation fee and labor cost of the tobacco field have been continuously increased, which confirms the "double dense" characteristics of tobacco planting labor capital. ② Under the cigar planting mode based on small-scale retail households, the use of machinery does not significantly replace the artificial input, but has a significant positive impact on hired labor for cigar planting. ③ Factors such as joining cooperatives, planting scale, family migrant members also have a significant positive impact on hired labor in small-scale cigar grower. However, factors such as planting experience, whether it is the production team leader and the purchase of agricultural insurance have a significant negative impact on hired labor.  Conclusion  Machinery use in cigar planting can significantly increase the probability of hired labor, which is the result of incomplete substitution of artificial labor by machinery in cigar growing and the planting scale expansion. Cigar growers cannot rely solely on the machinery usage to improve production efficiency, but more importantly need to optimize the production organization mode to improve quality and efficiency.