利用根霉发酵发芽黑豆前后营养、活性和风味成分的变化

以河南、云南、黑龙江、内蒙古和福建5个不同产地的黑豆为研究对象，通过测定γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量、溶栓酶活性、大豆异黄酮含量等指标，并对电子鼻分析结果进行主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析（CA），比较不同产地的发芽黑豆利用中国根霉12#发酵前后的营养、活性及挥发性风味成分变化。结果表明，云南产地的发芽黑豆发酵处理后γ-氨基丁酸、大豆异黄酮、氨基酸态氮含量均高于其他产地，分别高达（6.68±0.07） mg/g、（4.57±0.04） mg/g、（0.91±0.05） g/100 g；黑龙江产地发芽黑豆发酵处理后，其溶栓酶活性为（1 032.94±88.08） IU/g，显著高于其他产地的溶栓酶活性（P＜0.05），其挥发性成分种类增加最多，2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛、3-羟基-2-丁酮等含量以及挥发性风味成分电子鼻分析响应值均为最高。根据营养成分分析，云南产地的黑豆质量较优，根据溶栓酶活性和风味分析，黑龙江产地的黑豆质量较好。

Changes of nutrient,activity and flavor components of germinated black beans before and after fermentation by Rhizopus chinesis

Taking black beans from 5 different origins in Henan, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Fujian as the research objects, the changes of nutrient, activity and volatile flavor component of germinated black beans from different origins before and after the fermentation with Rhizopus chinesis 12# were compared by determining the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), thrombolytic enzyme activity, soybean isoflavone content and other indicators, and principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis(CA) on the results of electronic nose analysis. The results showed that the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid, soybean isoflavones and amino acid nitrogen of germinated black beans in Yunnan were all higher than those of other origins, which reached (6.68±0.07) mg/g, (4.57±0.04) mg/g, and (0.91±0.05) g/100 g, respectively. After fermentation, the thrombolytic enzyme activity of germinated black beans in Heilongjiang was (1 032.94±88.08) IU/g, which was significantly higher than that of other origins (P＜0.05), the variety of volatile components increased the most, the contents of 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, 1-octen-3-ol, nonaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and so on, and the response value analysis by electronic nose of volatile flavor components were all the highest. According to the analysis of nutrient ingredient, the quality of black beans from Yunnan was better, and according to the analysis of thrombolytic enzyme activity and flavor, the quality of black beans from Heilongjiang was better.