座椅尺度与坐姿对座面压力和身体不适的影响

本文以坐姿是目前最普遍的工作方式，座椅是坐姿工作中承载人体的最主要的家具，座椅的尺度变化和姿势变化都是影响舒适度的主要因素为研究背景。通过座面压力测量和身体局部不适评价，分析了座椅和坐姿因素对压力测量参数、身体局部不适和座椅整体感觉的影响，并分析了压力测量参数与身体不适、座椅整体感觉间的相关性。得出了肩部不适与平均压力、平均压力梯度和座椅整体感觉有极其显著的相关性，臀部不适与最大压力、最大压力梯度和平均压力梯度都呈显著相关。座椅设计中座面高度、座面材质和椅背高度是影响座面压力分布和身体不适的主要因素，因而设计座椅时应加强这3个因素的设计以提高坐姿舒适度。

The Measurement Method of Seat Comfort

Nowadays,sitting posture was the most common way in workstation, chair is the most important furniture for sitting in work time. The change of chair size and posture was the main factors which effected on the comfort. The seat pan interface pressure was measured and body part discomfort was evaluated in this research. The effection of chair and sitting posture factors on pressure measurement parameters, body part discomfort and overall feeling of chairs were analyzed, the correlation between body part discomfort, overall feeling of chairs and seat pan interface pressure parameters was analyzed. The discomfort of shoulders was significantly related to the average pressure, average pressure gradient and the overall feeling of chairs. Maximum pressure, maximum pressure gradient and average pressure gradient were also significantly correlated with the discomfort of hip. seat pan height, surface material and the height of backrest were the main thctor in chair design, these factors significantly effected on seat pan interpace pressure and subjective discomfort. To improve sitting comfort, these factors should be strengthened in chairs design.