Chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil and its efficacy as a preservative against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of dry fruits

The study presents fungal and aflatoxin contamination of some dry fruits and Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EO) as a plant‐based preservative. During mycoflora analysis, 2045 fungal isolates were recorded from dry fruits and 40% isolates of Aspergillus flavus were toxigenic in nature. The EO of O. basilicum exhibited strong fungitoxicity against toxigenic strain of A. flavus. Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded at 1.0 μL ml^?1, and it completely inhibited aflatoxin B₁ production at 0.5 μL ml^?1. The oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum and considerably reduced A. flavus isolates from dry fruits when used as fumigant in closed storage containers at 1.0 μL ml^?1. The chemical profile of the EO was standardised through GC–MS analysis. Based on antifungal potency, antiaflatoxigenicity and efficacy as fumigant during storage conditions, O. basilicum EO may be recommended as a botanical preservative for enhancing the shelf life of dry fruits and edible products during storage.