杂交油菜云油杂10号高产栽培因子的优化

为了探讨在云南省油菜生产中种植密度（X1）、氮肥（纯氮,X2）、磷肥（五氧化二磷,X3）、钾肥（氧化钾,X4）、硼肥（有效硼,X5）5个栽培因子对甘蓝型双低油菜云油杂10号产量的影响,并进一步优化各栽培因子,本文采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计,建立了油菜产量优化数学模型：Y=246.15＋12.70X2＋7.00X3-6.26X12-9.81X22-5.07X32-10.56X1X2-6.37X3X4。结果表明,各因素对云油杂10号产量的影响大小顺序依次为氮肥、磷肥、种植密度、硼肥、钾肥。其中种植密度、氮肥、磷肥与产量的关系均呈开口向下的抛物线,种植密度过大或过小,施氮、磷肥过多或过少都会对油菜产量造成影响。种植密度与氮肥、磷肥与钾肥交互作用对油菜产量有显著影响,在种植密度10.5万～22.5万株/hm^2、施纯氮0～207kg/hm^2、施五氧化二磷0～96kg/hm^2、施氧化钾0～120kg/hm^2时,两因子之间均为正相互作用。频率分析结果表明,油菜产量大于3 900kg/hm^2的优化栽培措施为种植密度15.48万～17.94万株/hm^2,纯N、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、有效硼施用量分别为360.2～387.1、170.0～181.4、15.0～30.0、1.46～1.84kg/hm^2。

Optimization of cultural factors affecting yield of hybrid rapeseed cultivar Yunyouza 10

To optimize cultural factors on double-low hybrid rapeseed（Brassica napus L.） Yunyouza 10,5 main factors including planting density（X1）,pure nitrogen（X2）,phosphate（phosphorus pentoxide,X3）,potassium（burnt potash,X4）,and boron fertilizer（available boron,X5） were studied using quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combining design.A mathematical regression model for yield was established Y=246.15＋12.70X2＋7.00X3-6.26X12-9.81X22-5.07X32-10.56X1X2-6.37X3X4,the order of significant affected factors was nitrogen,phosphate,planting density,boron,and potassium.Result showed that extremely high or low nitrogen,phosphate fertilizers and planting density decreased the yield of Yunyouza 10.Two types of interactions,between planting density and nitrogen,and between phosphate and potassium,had significant effects on yield.When the planting density was between 10.5 to 22.5（ten thousand plants per hectare）,pure nitrogen was between 0 to 207kg per hectare,phosphorus pentoxide was between 0 to 96kg per hectare,and burnt potash was between 0 to 120kg per hectare,the interactions above were both positive.By method of frequency analysis,high yield of more than 3 900 kg per hectare could be achieved with the optimal condition including planting density between 15.48 to 17.94（ten thousand plants per hectare）,pure nitrogen between 360.2 to 387.1kg per hectare,phosphorus pentoxide between 170.0 to 181.4 kg per hectare,burnt potash between 15.0 to 30.0kg per hectare and available boron between 1.46 to 1.84kg per hectare.