2001-2010年国家审定冬油菜品种的产量与主要性状分析

对2001-2010年间全国审定的205份冬油菜品种按＂十五＂和＂十一五＂两个时期,进行产量性状、品质性状与农艺性状统计和对比分析,并对14个性状与产量之间的关系进行相关分析和通径分析。调查结果表明：种子产量由＂十五＂期间平均2 388.78kg/hm2增加到＂十一五＂期间2 670.13kg/hm2,增幅达11.12%,单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重3个产量因子的增幅分别为4.03%、0.36%和7.10%,表明单株角果数和千粒重的增加是油菜产量提高的主要原因。相关性分析发现,＂十五＂期间油菜产量与每角粒数、分枝数、增产点率和生育期呈显著或极显著正相关,另外,＂十一五＂期间油菜产量还与单株角果数（r=0.38）达到极显著正相关。通径分析发现,＂十五＂期间对产量的直接作用较强的性状分别为：菌核病病株率、菌核病病情指数、病毒病病情指数、病毒病病株率、每角粒数和单株角果数。＂十一五＂期间对产量的直接作用较高的性状分别为：每角粒数、菌核病病株率、株高、生育期、单株角果数和千粒重。

Yield and agronomic traits of winter rapeseed cultivars registered in China from 2001 to 2010

To understand the relationship between yield and agronomic traits of registered rapeseed in China, 205 cuhivars from 2001 to 2010 were investigated and compared using correlation and path analysis. Results showed that average yield increased from 2 388.78kg/hm2 （ during 2001 to 2005 ） to 2 670.13kg/hm2 （ during 2006 to 2010） with 11. 12% increase. Effective siliquae per plant, seed per siliqua and thousand - seed weight increased 4.03% , 0.36% and 7.10% respectively. Yield had significant or highly significant correlations to seed per siliqua, branch number, yield stability and growth duration in 2001 -2005 and 2006 -2010. Moreover, yield also had highly significant correlation （r =0.38 ） to effective siliquae per plant in 2006 -2010. Thus the effective siliquae per plant and thousandseed weight were the main factors contributing to yield improvement. Other traits were also important to yield. The order of direct strong effect of traits on yield was incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot, index of Sclerotinia stem rot, index of viral disease, incidence of viral disease, seed per silique and effective siliuae per plant in 2001 -2005. The order of direct strong effect of traits on yield was seed per siliqua, incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot, plant height, growth duration, effective siliquae per plant and thousand - seed weight in 2006 -2010