湿害胁迫对发芽期芝麻的影响及耐湿性评价方法建立

为研究湿害胁迫对发芽期芝麻的影响,将7份发芽至露白的芝麻材料分别淹水处理3h、6h、9h、12h、15h和24h,继续培养5d后对电导率、死亡率、成苗率等指标进行测定。结果表明,随着胁迫处理时间的延长,电导率和死亡率不断增加,成苗率、根长和活力指数呈下降趋势,畸形苗率表现先升后降;6～12h时,成苗率和简易活力指数急剧下降,说明淹水6～12h是芝麻发芽期湿害的敏感时间段。31份高代品系经淹水胁迫7h、9h和12h后的发芽特性表明,9h处理时各项指标的变异系数明显大于其它时间处理,因此,淹水9h是评价芝麻发芽期耐湿性的适宜时间,相对成苗率可作为主要评价指标。依此方法对222份芝麻种质发芽期耐湿性遗传差异的评价结果显示,极不耐湿的材料70份;不耐湿的69份;中耐43份;耐湿28份;高耐湿的12份,分别为ZZM1501、ZZM2113、ZZM2147、ZZM2208、ZZM3342、ZZM3379、ZZM3410、ZZM4780、ZZM4781、09-P65、辽品芝3号、漯芝15。

Waterlogging effect and evaluation method on waterlogging tolerance of germinated sesame

Sesame germination was investigated to evaluate waterlogging effect.Sesame seeds were immersed under water for 3h to 24h before germination for 5d.Seeds germination was obviously affected with high electric conductivity,death rate and short root length but low simple vigor index.Abnormal seeding rate increased first and then decreased.The sensitive period of sesame to waterlogging was 6h to 12h when survivor rate and simple vigor index decreased sharply.Subsequently,31 high-generation lines were studied under waterlogging for 7h,9h and 12h.Coefficient of variation among waterlogging resistance index showed great differences at 9h treatment,and relative survivor rate was a main evaluation index for its strong correlations with other indices.At last,222 sesame materials were evaluated at 9h waterlogging according to their relative survivor rate.Among them,70 materials were extremely sensitive to waterlogging stress,69 were sensitive,43 were intermediate,28 were tolerant,and 12 were highly tolerant,including ZZM1501,ZZM2113,ZZM2147,ZZM2208,ZZM3342,ZZM3379,ZZM3410,ZZM4780,ZZM4781,09-P65,Liaopinzhi 3 and Luozhi 15.