中国油菜生产的现状与展望

80年代以来，特别是90年代，中国油菜生产迅速发展，90年代年均面积为625万ha（570万ha-690万ha），与50-60年代相比，种植面积增加了三倍多，总产量增加了约十倍。目前中国食用植物油的年产量约850万t，而年消费量1100万t-1200万t，缺口300万t-400万t。1985-2000年中国共审定双低品种90个，其中常规品种61个，杂交种29个。与双高常规品种比较，优良的双低常规品种产量巳超过5%左右，优良的双低杂交种产量巳超过15%-20%。预计今后5-10年内中国油菜面积将稳定在700万ha-800万ha之间；育苗移栽面积将会下降；3-5年内将基本普及双低品种；甘蓝型黄籽双低品种种面积将迅速扩大；细胞质雄性不育杂种和细胞核雄性不育杂种仍然是两个主要利用途径，3年左右杂交种将超过总面积的50%；育种目标在不断降低硫苷含量、提高产量的同时，将把提高含油量和抗病性作为重点；3-5年内油菜的加工水平将有较大提高。

The Present and Future of Rapeseed Production in China

The rapeseed production in China has been increased steadily since 1980s,especially in 1990s.The yearly average planting acreage of repeseed is 6.25 million hectares,from 5.70～6.90 million hectares.It is three times of the planting acreage in 1950s～1960s.And the total production has been increased 10 times since then.The total vegetable oil production at present is about 8.5 million tons,but the consumption is 11～12 million tons,shortage of 3～4 million tons.There are 90 double low cultivars registered officially in China during 1985～2000,of which 61 are OP cultivars and 29 are hybrids.The yield potential of the best double low OP cultivars is about 5% higher than that of the double high check,and the best hybrids are about 15%～20% higher than the double high check.It is predicated that:the planting acreage can reach 7～8 million hectares in 5～10 years;the acreage of transplanting rapeseed will decrease;double low cultivars will replace double high cultivars in 3～5 years;the planting acreage will increase;cytoplasm male sterility and genie male sterility are still the important two way for hybrid breeding;the planting acreage will be over 50%;besides the high quality and the high yield,high oil content and good disease resistance will be two important breeding aims;the processing level of rapeseed products will be improved greatly.