不同成熟度对烤烟烟叶品质和安全性指标的影响

为探讨不同成熟度对烤烟烟叶主要品质成分和安全性指标的影响,以烤烟品种G80为材料,对相同生产条件下不同成熟度烤烟烟叶主要化学成分和烟气安全性指标进行了研究。结果表明,没有充分成熟的烤烟烟叶在品质和安全性指标上均较差。过熟烤烟烟叶除葡萄糖含量变化不明显外,果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖等水溶性糖和石油醚提取物、总挥发酸及钾含量均大幅度降低;而氮、烟碱、挥发碱和挥发碱/烟碱等重要化学指标明显升高。过熟烤烟烟叶的焦油含量虽然较低,但烟气的稠环芳烃类化合物总量与适熟烤烟差异并不明显,其中苯并a]芘含量有明显升高的趋势。鉴于适熟烤烟烟叶的各项品质指标综合表现较好,故在中式烤烟型卷烟为主的市场条件下,应将采购烟叶的成熟度控制在适度成熟为好。

Influence of the Different Maturity on Indexes of Quality and Security for Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

In order to investigate the effects of varous maturity on indexes of quality and security for flue-cured tobacco leaves, the different indexes of chemical components that were related to quality and security of the flue-cured tobacco leaves with different maturity under a consistent growing condition were researched by taking cultivar G80 as trial materials. The results demonstrated that the quality and usability of unripe tobacco leaves were lower than those of mellow leaves. The contents of carbonaceous compounds, such as soluble saccharide, petroleum ether extract and volatile acid in mellow leaves were higher than in overripe leaves, but nitrous compounds, such as nicotine, total nitrogen, volatile alkali, in mellow leaves were lower than in overripe leaves. Although the contents of tar in overripe leaves were remarkably low, the release amount of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon was as much as that in mellow leaves. It is better to control maturity in a mellow range to produce and purchase flue-cured tobacco leaves because the cigarette market is mostly one of Chinese style flue-cured tobacco type.