粉垄耕作深度对烤烟生长和物质积累及烟叶产质量的影响

为明确山地植烟土壤粉垄耕作的效果和适宜深度，设计粉垄深度30 cm、40 cm、50 cm和传统耕作4个处理，分析了粉垄耕作后烤烟根系和地上部分生长动态变化，研究了粉垄对烤烟干物质、氮、磷、钾、烟碱、氯的积累分配，以及对烤烟经济性状和烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明，粉垄可促进烤烟根系和地上部生长，粉垄深度增加有利于根系下扎。粉垄有利于烤烟干物质、氮、磷、钾、烟碱、氯的积累；烤烟物质积累主要分配给烟叶，粉垄深度40~50 cm有利于干物质、氮、磷、钾向根系分配，粉垄深度50 cm有利于烟碱、氯向根系分配。适当深度的粉垄有利于提高烟叶产量和产值。粉垄可提高烟叶钾含量，但是也提高了烟叶的烟碱和氯含量。山地烟区可采用粉垄改良植烟土壤，以粉垄深度40 cm为佳。

Effects of Smashing Ridge Tillage on Growth,Dry Matter Accumulation,Output and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

To determine the effect and appropriate depth of smashing ridge tillage in tobacco-planting soil, 4 treatments including 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm depth of smashing ridge tillage and traditional cultivation were designed to analyze the dynamic changes of roots and above ground growth of flue-cured tobacco, and to study the effects of smashing ridge tillage on accumulation and distribution of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nicotine and chlorine of flue-cured tobacco, as well as economic properties and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. The growth of tobacco roots and aboveground parts could be promoted by smashing ridge tillage. Increasing the depth of smashing ridge tillage is favorable for tobacco roots to grow down. Smashing ridge tillage is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nicotine and chlorine in flue-cured tobacco. The accumulated dry matter of flue-cured tobacco was mainly distributed to tobacco leaves, and the smashing ridge tillage depth of 40-50 cm was beneficial to the distribution of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the tobacco root, while the smashing ridge tillage depth of 50 cm was beneficial to the distribution of nicotine and chlorine to the tobacco root. Proper depth of smashing ridge tillage is beneficial to increase yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. Smashing ridge tillage can increase potassium content in tobacco leaves, as well as increase nicotine and chlorine contents in tobacco leaves. Smashing ridge tillage could be adopted to improved tobacco-planting soil in mountainous areas, with the best depth of smashing ridge tillage being 40 cm.