不同施肥措施对植烟土壤生物学特性和速效养分的影响

通过两年盆栽试验，研究增施不同有机物料对植烟土壤生物学特性和速效养分的影响。结果表明，与纯施化肥相比，增施芝麻饼肥显著增加土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量，增施生物炭显著增加速效钾含量；增施腐熟秸秆土壤蔗糖酶活性显著提升12%，芝麻饼肥和生物炭处理脲酶活性均显著增加19%，生物炭处理过氧化氢酶活性显著增加27%。增施腐熟秸秆土壤微生物生物量碳最高，达到234.52 mg/kg，生物炭处理土壤微生物生物量氮最高，达到35.29 mg/kg。细菌为植烟土壤可培养菌中的优势菌，增施生物炭显著提升可培养细菌数量，增施腐熟秸秆显著提升可培养真菌和放线菌数量。总体来看，增施不同有机物料能改善土壤生物学特性，增加速效养分含量，从而改善植烟土壤质量。

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Biological Characteristics and Available Nutrients of Tobacco-planted Soil

A two-year pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic materials on the biological characteristics and available nutrients of tobacco-planted soil. The results from both years showed that the application of sesame cake increased the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzed N and soil available P significantly. The content of soil available potassium was increased significantly in the biochar treatment. The activities of soil invertase were increased by 12% in the decomposed straw treatment, and the activities of soil urease were increased by 19% in both the sesame cake treatment and the biochar treatment. The activities of catalase were increased by 27% in the biochar treatment compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment. In addition, the content of soil microbial biomass carbon was the highest in the straw treatment (234.52 mg/kg), and the content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen was the highest in the biochar treatment (35.29 mg/kg). Bacteria were the dominant cultivable microbes in the tobacco-planted soil. The application of biochar could significantly increase the number of cultivable bacteria. And the application of decomposed straw significantly increased the number of cultivable fungi and actinomycetes. Therefore, organic materials application could improve the quality of tobacco-planted soil through enhancing soil microbial characteristics and available nutrients.