油菜秸秆基料对4种常见食用菌产量和活性成分的影响

为了评价油菜秸秆栽培食用菌的可行性,分别以油菜秸秆、油菜秸秆和棉籽壳比例4:6(w/w)、棉籽壳为基料栽培4种常见食用菌,分析油菜秸秆对食用菌的鲜重、生长期、多糖含量、葡糖糖醛酸含量和粗多糖分子量分布的影响。结果显示:当基料中油菜秸秆和棉籽壳比例4:6时,香菇、平菇和黑木耳的鲜重最高,分别为480.18、485.26和430.16 g;同时其生长期最短,分别为24.64、19.73和18.64 d,这表明在传统棉籽壳基料中适当增加油菜秸秆有利于提高该3种食用菌产量,相对于单独棉籽壳基料,香菇、平菇和黑木耳的多糖含量显著性提高了11.09%、24.86%和14.26%(P<0.05),葡萄糖醛酸含量也均有所提高,特别是在香菇中存在显著性差异(P<0.05)且其粗多糖分子量分布无明显差异,这表明油菜秸秆的适当添加也有利于提高该3种食用菌活性成分。但在金针菇栽培中,油菜秸秆的添加使其产量和活性成分均显著性地降低(P<0.05),说明油菜秸秆仅在部分食用菌的栽培中具有较高的应用价值。

Effects on the Yield and Active-component of Four Kinds of Common Edible Fungi by Using Oilseed Rape Straw as Cultivation Nutrition

To evaluate the efficiency of edible fungi cultivation by oilseed rape straw,four kinds of common edible fungi were cultivated by using only oilseed rape straw,oilseed rape straw and cottonseed hull with the proportion of 4:6 (w/w)and only cottonseed hull,respectively. The fresh weight,growth cycle,polysaccharide content,glucuronic acid content,the molecular weight of crude polysaccharides of edible fungi were analyzed. Results showed that when the medium consists of oilseed rape straw and cottonseed hull with the proportion of 4:6,Lentinus edodes,Pleurotus spp. and Auricularia auricular had the highest fresh weight of 480.18,485.26,430.16 g,respectively,and their growth times were the shortest for 24.64,19.73,18.64 days. These results indicated that the proper utilization of oilseed rape straw could help to improve the yield of the three kinds of edible fungi,meanwhile,compared with the cultivation using only cottonseed hull,the polysaccharide contents of Lentinus edodes,Pleurotus spp. and Auricularia auricular were significantly increased 11.09%,24.86% and 14.26%(P<0.05),respectively,and their glucuronic acid were also improved,especially there was significantly difference in the variety of Lentinus edodes(P<0.05),and the crude polysaccharide contents were not obvious difference on the molecular weight. These results indicated that the proper utilization of oilseed rape straw could also help to improve the active ingredients of three kinds of edible fungi. Whereas,when Flammulina velutipes were cultivated by using oilseed rape straw,its yield and contents of the active ingredients were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Therefore,oilseed rape straw has an important application value in part of common edible fungus cultivation.