传统肉类替代品——人造肉的研究进展

人造肉主要分为两种:一种是通过动物干细胞合成的人造动物肉;一种是通过植物蛋白及其他植物性成分合成的植物性肉。从能源角度讲,人造肉能够减少饲养牲畜时所产生的能耗。从温室效应角度考虑,人造肉能够减少温室气体的排放,减缓全球变暖的压力。而从营养角度讲,人造动物肉能够提供传统屠宰肉类似的氨基酸、脂肪及维生素等;植物性肉主要由植物蛋白合成,同样能够给人体补充大量蛋白质。因此将人造肉作为传统肉类的替代品,不仅能够提供应有的营养,还能给环境、能源等带来可持续性增益。但人造肉目前仍存在较多的技术、伦理道德以及安全等方面问题。本文介绍了两种人造肉的主要制作方法,综述了人们目前对人造肉的认识以及态度,最后总结了人造肉在未来市场可能会遇见的挑战,以期为我国人造肉行业的发展提供参考。

The Research Advance of Traditional Meat Substitutes-Artificial Meat

Artificial meat is mainly divided into two types. One is artificial animal meat synthesized by animal stem cells,and the other is plant meat synthesized by plant protein and other botanical ingredients. From an energy perspective,artificial meat can reduce the energy consumption of raising livestock. From the perspective of greenhouse effect,artificial meat can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce global warming stress. From a nutritional perspective,artificial animal meat can provide amino acids,fats,and vitamins similar to traditional slaughter meat. Plant-based meat is mainly composed of plant protein,which can also provide proteins to humans. Therefore,artificial meat as a substitute for traditional meat can not only provide the nutrients,but also bring sustainable benefits to the environment and energy. However,artificial meat still has many problems in technology,ethics and safety. This paper introduces two main methods of artificial meat production,reviewed people’s current views and attitudes on artificial meat,and finally summarizes the challenges that artificial meat may encounter in the future market. It is expected that this review can provide reference for the development of China’s artificial meat industry.