秦皇岛海域食用贝类重金属污染情况分析

为了解秦皇岛海域食用贝类中重金属的污染水平及其存在的健康风险。采用电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定了该地区15种常见贝类肌肉和内脏中As(无机砷和总砷)、Pb(铅)、Cr(铬)、Cd(镉)、Hg(甲基汞)的含量,并采用污染指数法、系统聚类法评价了各重金属的污染特征和分类。结果表明:海虹(贻贝,Mytilus edulis)、栉孔贝(Chlamys farreri)、生蚝(Ostrea gigas thunberg)和毛蚶子(Scapharca subcrenata)等的重金属综合污染(MPI)较高。根据NY 5073-2006 无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准进行重金属评价。秦皇岛海域食用贝类六种重金属含量最高为Cd,均值为1.129 mg/kg,超出NY 5073-2006 无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准,污染较严重,总As和无机As均值分别为0.161、0.021 mg/kg。Cr和Hg均值分别为0.107和0.013 mg/kg,均未受污染,Pb均值为0.188 mg/kg,污染较轻。但部分贝类Cd污染比较严重。其中内脏污染比肌肉部分严重,尤其是大小海螺(Busycon canaliculatu)。因此,需进一步研究秦皇岛海域可食用贝类中Pb和Cd的污染来源并进行有效防治。

Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution of Edible Shellfish in Qinhuangdao

In order to evaluate the pollution level of heavy metals of shellfish in Qinhuangdao sea,arsenic pollution level,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and atomic fluorescence spectrometry were employed to detect the content of As(inorganic and total arsenic),Pb,Cr,Cd,Hg(methyl mercury)content from15 kind of common shellfish in the muscles and viscera.The pollution characteristics of heavy metals in each sample were evaluated by pollution index method and systematic clustering.The results showed that the combined heavy metal pollution(MPI)of mussels Mytilus edulis,Chlamys farreri,Ostrea gigas thunberg and Scapharca subcrenata were higher.Heavy metal evaluation according to the limit of toxic and hazardous substances in non-polluted food aquatic products of NY 5073-2006.The highest levels of six heavy metals in edible shellfish in Qinhuangdao sea area were Cd,with a mean value of 1.129 mg/kg exceeding the limit of toxic and hazardous substances in non-polluted food aquatic products in NY 5073-2006.The pollution was more serious.The average values of total As and inorganic As were 0.161 and 0.021 mg/kg,respectively.The average value of Cr was 0.107 mg/kg,and the average value of Hg was 0.013 mg/kg.Both of them were uncontaminated,and the average value of Pb was 0.188 mg/kg.but Cd was seriously polluted.The viscera were more polluted than the muscle,especially in the Busycon canaliculatu.Therefore,the pollution sources of Pb and Cd in edible shellfish in Qinhuangdao sea should be further studied and effective prevention and control should be carried out.