三种食用菌提取物体外抗氧化与降血糖活性研究

目的:为评价三种食用菌体外抗氧化与降血糖作用。方法:采用水杨酸显色法、DPPH·显色法、铁氰化钾显色法测定三种食用菌及副产物(竹荪、竹荪菌托、茶树菇、松乳菇)提取物的抗氧化能力,再通过α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用分析提取物的降血糖活性。结果:在实验浓度(0.5~5 mg/mL)范围内三种食用菌及副产物的提取物具有一定的抗氧化和降血糖作用,且存在明显的量效关系。抗氧化以V_C作为阳性对照,降血糖组间进行对照。当浓度达到5 mg/mL时,茶树菇提取物对·OH和DPPH·的清除率最高可达89.45%和87.81%,对Fe3+的还原能力与V_C相近,IC₅₀均为1.04 mg/mL;而竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物对·OH(45.19%和36.04%)、DPPH·(44.30%和36.81%)的清除率和对Fe3+的还原能力(46.61%和48.09%)均较弱,且IC₅₀值均超出实验浓度。当浓度达到5 mg/mL时,茶树菇提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率分别62.15%和57.08%,IC₅₀值为3.82和4.10 mg/mL;松乳菇提取物对两种酶的抑制率分别为83.52%和75.43%,IC₅₀值为2.22和2.53 mg/mL;而竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物对α-淀粉酶(15.15%和24.56%)和α-葡萄糖苷酶(26.20%和23.41%)活性的抑制率均较低,且IC₅₀值均超出实验浓度。结论:茶树菇提取物降血糖和抗氧化作用均较强,而松乳菇提取物的降血糖作用较强而抗氧化作用较弱,竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物的抗氧化活性和降血糖活性均较弱。

Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity in Vitro of Three Edible Fungus Extracts

Objective:The antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects in vitro of the extracts from three common edible fungus were evaluated. Methods:The antioxidant ability of the extracts from three edible fungus and by-products(dictyophora,volva of dictyophora,agrocybe cylindracea and wild lactarius deliciosus)were determined by the staining methods of dinitrosalicylic acid,DPPH·and potassium ferricyanide colorimetry,and the hypoglycemic activity was measured by the inhibition effects of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. Results:The extracts of three edible fungus and by-products in experimental concentration range(0.5~5 mg/mL)had certain antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities,and there were significant dose-effect relationship. V_C was used aspositive control in antioxidant test,and the hypoglycemic test was applied in the intergroup comparison. When the concentration was 5 mg/mL,the scavenging rate of ·OH and DPPH·in agrocybe cylindracea extract were 89.45% and 87.81%,Fe3+ reducing antioxidant power was similar to V_C,and IC₅₀ values all 1.04 mg/mL,respectively. However,the ·OH and DPPH· scavenging rate of dictyophora(45.19% and 36.04%),and volva of dictyophora(44.30% and 36.81%)were relatively low,the rates of Fe3+ reducing antioxidant power were 46.61% and 48.09%,respectively,and IC₅₀values exceeded the experimental concentration. When the concentration was 5 mg/mL,the inhibition rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of agrocybe cylindracea extract were 62.15% and 57.08%,and IC₅₀ values were 3.82 and 4.10 mg/mL,respectively. Meanwhile,the inhibition rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of lactarius deliciosus extract were 83.52% and 75.43%,and IC₅₀values were 2.22 and 2.53 mg/mL,respectively. However,the inhibition rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of dictyophora(15.15% and 24.56%)and volva of dictyophora(26.20% and 23.41%,)were relatively low,respectively,and IC₅₀ values exceeded the experimental concentration. Conclusion:Agrocybe cylindracea extract had the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities all higher,lactarius deliciosus extract had the stronger hypoglycemic effect but weaker antioxidant activity,and the weaker antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were observed in dictyophora and volva of dictyophora extracts.