类球红细菌粗提物对贮藏期香肠挥发性风味物质和呈味氨基酸的影响

为探究类球红细菌粗提物对香肠贮藏期挥发性风味物质及呈味氨基酸的影响，在加工香肠时分别添加高中低浓度的类球红细菌粗提物，以不添加类球红细菌粗提物的香肠作为对照，利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）和氨基酸分析仪分别测定香肠贮藏3个月和6个月时的挥发性风味物质和游离氨基酸。结果表明，GC-MS共检测出36种挥发性风味物质，其中醇类17种、酯类1种、醛类10种、酸类2种、烷烃类3种、其它成分3种，共有8种主体风味物质。多元统计分析表明，贮藏3个月时，添加类球红细菌粗提物香肠的醇类物质含量及种类低于对照组；贮藏6个月时，添加类球红细菌粗提物香肠的醇类物质含量高于对照组，但醛类物质含量低于对照组，且粗提物促进了唯一酯类物质己酸乙烯酯的生成。添加低浓度的类球红细菌粗提物降低了庚醛、辛酸等异味物质的含量。氨基酸分析表明，类球红细菌粗提物提高了香肠鲜味和甜味氨基酸的占比。味觉活性值（taste activity value,TAV）分析表明，组氨酸TAV值最大，对香肠滋味影响最强。本研究为基于类球红细菌代谢物提升传统中式香肠风味品质提供了一定的理论依据和技术支撑。

Effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Crude Extracts on Volatile Flavor Substances and Flavor Amino Acids of Sausages During Storage

In order to test the effects of the crude extracts from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (CCRS) on the volatile flavor substances and flavor amino acids of sausages during storage, the sausages were respectively processed with addition of CCRS at higher, medium and lower concentrations. Sausage processed without addition of CCRS was used as control. The volatile flavor substances and free amino acids were respectively analyzed using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and amino acid analyzer. The experimental results showed that a total of 36 volatile flavor substances were detected by GC-MS, including 17 alcohols, 1 ester, 10 aldehydes, 2 acids, 3 alkanes and 3 other components, among which 8 substances were considered the main flavor substances. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the content and types of alcohols in sausages added CCRS were lower than those in control after 3 months storage. After 6 months storage, the alcohol content in the sausages with CCRS was higher than that of the control. However, the aldehyde content of the sausages with CCRS was lower than that of the control. Moreover, the CCRS promoted the production of ethenyl hexanoate, which was the only one ester in the sausages. On the other hand, the addition of low concentration of CCRS reduced the content of heptaldehyde, octanoic acid and other odor substances. Amino acid analysis suggested that the CCRS increased the proportion of delicate and sweet amino acids. The taste activity value (TAV) analysis indicated that the histidine TAV value was the strongest and had the greatest impact on sausage taste. The present study would provide a theoretical basis and technical support for enhancing the flavor quality of Chinese traditional sausages based on the metabolites of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.