10个产地莲藕营养成分分析与品质综合评价

为探究不同产地莲藕中主要营养成分与活性成分的含量特征，建立莲藕品质综合评价体系。对10个产地的12份莲藕样本中的粗蛋白、淀粉、脂肪、粗纤维、可溶性总糖、总黄酮、总多酚、维生素C、矿物质和氨基酸含量进行测定，结果显示，云南红河莲藕的淀粉（136.87 g/kg）、脂肪（7.26 g/kg）、总多酚（155.5 mg/kg）、总氨基酸（15.75 %）、铁（50.7 mg/kg）、锌（3.52 mg/kg）和钾（407 mg/100 g）含量最高，山东菏泽莲藕的可溶性总糖（71.35 mg/g）和粗纤维（69.84 g/kg）含量最高，江苏淮安莲藕的V_C含量最高（67.53 mg/100 g），四川眉山莲藕的黄酮含量最高（117.92 mg/kg），湖北荆州莲藕的粗蛋白含量最高（38.4 g/kg），河南三门峡莲藕的磷含量最高（61.3 mg/100 g），陕西富平1莲藕钙含量最高（323 mg/kg），湖南湘潭莲藕的硒含量最高（9.5 μg/kg）。利用因子分析和系统聚类分析对莲藕营养成分和综合品质进行评价，因子分析表明可将评价莲藕品质的指标用2个因子表示，淀粉、钾、维生素C、硒、铁和锌含量可以用来衡量莲藕品质的优劣。综合评价显示云南红河莲藕的品质最优，陕西富平3、江苏淮安和湖北荆州莲藕的品质较差。

Nutrient Composition Analysis and Quality Comprehensive Evaluation of Lotus Root in 10 Producing Areas

The purpose of this study is to explore the content characteristics of main nutrient components in lotus root from different producing areas and to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation system for the quality of lotus root.The contents of crude protein,starch,fat,crude fiber,soluble total sugar,total flavonoids,total polyphenols,vitamin C,minerals and amino acids in 12 lotus root samples from 10 places of origin were determined.The results showed that the contents of starch(136.87 g/kg),fat(7.26 g/kg),total polyphenols(155.5 mg/kg),total amino acids(15.75%),iron(50.7 mg/kg),zinc(3.52 mg/kg)and potassium(407 mg/100 g)in lotus root of Honghe in Yunnan were the highest.The contents of total soluble sugar(71.35 mg/g)and crude fiber(69.84 g/kg)in Lotus root of Heze in Shandong were the highest.The highest contents of VC,flavonoids,crude protein,phosphorus,calcium and selenium were found in Lotus root from Huaian,Jiangsu(67.53 mg/100 g),Meishan,Sichuan(117.92 mg/kg),Jingzhou,Hubei(38.4 g/kg),Sanmenxia,Henan(61.3 mg/100 g),Fuping 1,Shaanxi(323 mg/kg)and Xiangtan,Hunan(9.5μg/kg).The nutrient components and comprehensive quality of lotus root were evaluated by factor analysis and systematic cluster analysis.Factor analysis showed that the evaluation indexes of lotus root quality could be expressed by two factors,and the contents of starch,potassium,vitamin C,selenium,iron and zinc could be used to measure the quality of lotus root.The result of comprehensive evaluation showed that the quality of lotus root from Honghe in Yunnan province was the best,while the quality of lotus root from Fuping 3 in Shaanxi province,Huai'an in Jiangsu province and Jingzhou in Hubei province were poor.