季节变化对杂交鲟鱼肉营养成分的影响

采集春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的杂交鲟鱼(Huso dauricus ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂) 样品，分析比较肌肉基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、矿物元素组成的差异。结果表明:鲟鱼肉脂肪含量季节变化特点明显，以秋季鲟鱼肉脂肪含量为最高（P<0.05），而后依次为冬季、春季、夏季的鲟鱼肉；蛋白质含量以冬季鲟鱼肉最高，春季、夏季、秋季鲟鱼肉依次下降；春季鲟鱼肉必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及总氨基酸含量最高，但秋季鲟鱼肉必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例最高，冬季鲟鱼肉鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例最高；夏季、秋季鲟鱼肉多不饱和脂肪酸及二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于冬季、春季（P < 0.05），脂肪酸不饱和度受季节影响差异并不显著（P>0.05）；矿物元素含量在春、夏两季鲟鱼肉中较高。季节对鲟鱼肉的营养组成影响明显，分析不同季节杂交鲟鱼肉的营养组成，可为后续开发加工提供理论依据，在加工中可根据需要选择适宜季节的养殖鲟鱼。

Effects of Seasonal Variation on Nutrient Composition of Hybrid Sturgeon(Huso dauricus♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂)

In order to verify the nutritional characteristics of hybrid sturgeon(Huso dauricus♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂)and contribute to the subsequent development and processing,samples of hybrid sturgeon from spring,summer,autumn and winter were collected to analyze and compare the differences of muscle basic nutrient composition,amino acid,fatty acid and mineral element.The results showed that the nutrient composition of cultured sturgeon had significantly difference in seasons.The fat content was higher in autumn and followed by winter,spring and summer(P<0.05),while the protein content was higher in winter and then decreased with seasons.Content of water and trace elements had negative correlation with fat content.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA),delicious amino acids(DAA)and total amino acids(TAA)were higher in spring,while the EAA/TAA was higher in autumn and DAA/TAA was higher in winter.Content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)had more advantage in summer and autumn than that of winter and spring(P<0.05),while no significant difference was observed on ration of unsaturated fatty acids in different seasons(P>0.05).Content of mineral elements were usually higher in spring and summer.The results showed that the nutritional composition of sturgeon were effected by seasonal variation significantly.It could become the theory foundation of sturgeon processing.The suitable sturgeon could be selected for different processing according to the results.