大豆皂苷的研究进展与应用

大豆皂苷是一种三萜类化合物，是大豆生长过程中的次级代谢产物，主要存在于大豆种子的子叶和胚轴中。研究表明，大豆皂苷具有多种生物学活性，包括抗肿瘤，预防肥胖和免疫调节等。本文介绍了大豆皂苷的结构和分类、理化性质、影响大豆皂苷含量的因素，并详细综述了大豆皂苷的提取及纯化工艺、检测方法，总结了大豆皂苷的生物学活性，及其在农业、食品、药品、化妆品多领域的应用。旨在为大豆皂苷的深入研究及其应用提供参考依据。

Research Progress and Application of Soybean Saponins

Soybean saponins are a kind of triterpenoid compound, which are secondary metabolites during the growth of soybeans, and mainly exist in cotyledons and hypocotyls of soybean seeds. Studies show that soybean saponins have a variety of biological activities, including antiviral, antitumor, obesity prevention and immune regulation. In this paper, the structure of soybean saponin monomer is listed, the physicochemical properties of soyabean saponin are introduced, and the factors affecting the content of soybean saponin are analyzed. Because of the different soybean varieties, planting environment and analysis methods, the content of soybean saponin is different. At present, the commonly used extraction methods of soybean saponins are solvent method, macroporous adsorption resin hair, chromatography separation, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction are also often used for auxiliary extraction of soybean saponins. The common detection methods of soybean saponins include spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and colorimetry. Because of its unique physical and chemical properties and biological activities, soybean saponins are widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields. However, the research and application of soybean saponins are limited because of the difficulty in extraction and purification of soybean saponins. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the extraction rate of soybean saponins, optimize the extraction methods of soybean saponins, and make full and rational use of soybean saponins resources, which are of great significance for food development and drug development. The aim is to provide reference for the extraction and purification of soybean saponins and its further research.