青藏高原狭果茶藨子籽油成分分析及原油三脱工艺优化

以青海地区狭果茶藨子籽油为研究对象，对其不皂化物及脂肪酸组成进行分析，同时借助单因素及响应面试验对籽油水化脱胶、吸附脱色、吸附脱酸工艺进行优化，并对籽油精炼前后理化指标进行对比，以明确青海地区狭果茶藨子籽油成分及较优的精炼工艺，扩大青海地区狭果茶藨子籽油的开发应用。结果表明，狭果茶藨子籽油中含有植醇、谷甾醇、新植二烯等不皂化物，其中植醇占8.78%；共检测出脂肪酸8种，其中不饱和脂肪酸占88.89%，油酸和亚油酸含量相对较高，分别为37.09%和50.80%。响应面试验结果表明:最佳脱胶工艺条件为水化时间:16 min，磷酸添加量:0.3%，加水量:3.0%，脱胶温度:50 ℃；最佳脱色工艺条件为脱色时间:20 min，脱色剂添加量:7.0%，脱色温度:51 ℃；最佳脱酸工艺条件为脱酸时间:87 min，微晶纤维素添加量:2.0%，脱酸温度:40 ℃；此条件下狭果茶藨子籽油脱胶率、脱色率、脱酸率分别为80.48%、66.48%、71.30%。精炼后，狭果茶藨子籽油的酸价和光密度下降较大，碘值和皂化值也有轻微下降，过氧化值轻微上升，精炼前后所有指标测定值均在国标范围内浮动，说明此精炼工艺对油脂营养价值产生一定影响，但能提升狭果茶藨子籽油的感官品质，有利于油脂贮藏，可用于狭果茶藨子籽油的精制。

Composition of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim Seed Oil and the Optimization of Crude Oil Refining Process

Taking Ribes stenocarpum Maxim seed oil in Qinghai area as the research object, the unsaponifiable matter and fatty acid composition were analyzed. At the same time, the seed oil hydration degumming, adsorption decolorization, and adsorption deacidification processes were optimized with the help of single factor and response surface tests. The physical and chemical indexes of seed oil before and after refining were compared to clarify the composition of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim seed oil and the better refining technology in Qinghai, and expand the development and application of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim seed oil in Qinghai. The results showed that there were 8.78% phytosterols and a certain amount of sitosterol and neophytodiene in the seed oil of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim, and 8 fatty acids were detected, of which 88.89% were unsaturated fat, and the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were relatively high, 37.09% and 50.80%, respectively. The results of response surface methodology showed that the optimum degumming conditions were as follows: hydration time 16 min, addition of phosphoric acid 0.3%, addition of water 3.0%, degumming temperature 50 ℃, the optimum conditions of decolorizing were decoloring time 20 min, addition of decolorizing agent 7.0%, and decolorizing temperature 51 ℃, the optimum conditions of deacidification were 87 min, 2.0% of microcrystalline cellulose and 40 ℃. Under these conditions, the degumming rate, decoloring rate and acid removal rate of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim seed oil were 80.48%, 66.48% and 71.30% respectively. After refining, the acid value and optical density of the seeds oil of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim decreased greatly, the iodine value and saponification value decreased slightly, and the peroxide value increased slightly, the results showed that this refining process had certain effect on the nutritive value of oil, but it could improve the sensory quality of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim seed oil, and was beneficial to the storage of oil and could be used for refining of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim seed oil.