莲废弃物活性成分的提取及其生物活性的研究进展

莲子加工过程会产生莲蓬、莲衣、莲子壳、莲子心等废弃物，这些废弃物往往被直接丢弃，而未进一步开发利用，造成了明显的莲资源浪费。由于莲废弃物中含有对人体健康具有促进作用的多酚、生物碱和多糖等多种活性成分，莲废弃物活性成分的开发利用受到了越来越多的关注。目前，常规提取方法和现代提取方法都已被广泛应用于莲废弃物活性成分的提取。与此同时，为了提高提取率，一些新型提取技术也被应用于莲废弃物活性成分的提取并表现出了显著的效果。莲废弃物中的多酚、生物碱和多糖具有抗糖化、抗增殖、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生理活性，但其活性研究主要集中于体外阶段，未来还需要进一步研究其在人体内的功效发挥。本文综述了莲废弃物中主要活性成分的提取方法及其生理活性的研究进展，以期对莲废弃物资源的高附加值开发与利用提供参考。

Recent Advances in Extraction and Biological Activities of Bioactive Compounds from Lotus Wastes

Lotus seedpod, lotus seed coat, lotus seed epicarp, and lotus plumule, which are common lotus wastes produced in the food processing industry, are often directly discarded or underutilized, resulting in the obvious waste of lotus resources. Since lotus wastes contain multiple bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and polysaccharides that can promote human health, the development and utilization of bioactive compounds from lotus wastes has attracted increasing attention. At present, both conventional and modern extraction methods have been widely used in the extraction of bioactive compounds from lotus wastes. Meanwhile, some new extraction methods have also been used to extract bioactive compounds from lotus wastes to increase the extraction rate and have shown significant effects. Polyphenols, alkaloids, and polysaccharides in lotus wastes exhibit bioactivities in many fields, especially in anti-glycation, anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, most bioactive studies are still in-vitro stage, which need to be further explored by in-vivo experiments in the future. This paper reviews the recent advances in extraction methods and biological activities of the main chemical compounds in lotus waste, which is expected to provide a reference for the development and utilization of lotus waste resources.