超微粉碎对方竹笋全粉理化特性及微观结构的影响

以方竹笋为原料，超微粉碎不同时间（10、20、30 min）得到3种超微粉碎方竹笋全粉，探究微粉的理化特性及微观结构。结果表明，与对照组相比，超微粉碎30 min时方竹笋全粉的蛋白质和总糖含量分别提高7.48%和44.76%；持水力、持油力和膨胀力分别下降29.34%、26.43%和22.87%，粉体平均粒径达到最小，为17.15 μm。超微粉碎处理使全粉的滑角和休止角分别增加38.24%和20.63%，L*值增加13.93%，a*值和b*值分别下降24.21%和16.51%，粉体的流动性变差但粉体更为细腻，色泽更加均匀、白亮。超微粉碎未改变方竹笋全粉的官能团，但破坏了全粉中的纤维素，部分长链变为短链，热稳定性降低。扫描电镜观察到超微粉碎破坏了方竹笋全粉的表面结构，使得样品更加微小均匀和碎片化。综上所述，超微粉碎技术可有效改善方竹笋全粉的感官性质、功能及加工特性，研究结果可为方竹笋利用率的提升及应用范围的拓展提供理论依据。

Effect of Superfine Grinding on Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis Shoot Powder

To explore the effect on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis shoot powder (CQSP), superfine grinding of dried Chimonobambusa quadrangularis was conducted for different grinding time (10, 20 and 30 min). Results showed that when superfine grinding for 30 min, compared with the coarse powder control group, the protein and total sugar content of CQSP increased by 7.48% and 44.76% respectively, the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and swelling capacity decreased by 29.34%, 26.43% and 22.87% respectively, and the average particle size of the powder reached the minimum of 17.15 μm. After superfine grinding, the slip angle and repose angle of CQSP increased by 38.24% and 20.63% respectively, the brightness value increased by 13.93%, the red green value and yellow blue value decreased by 24.21% and 16.51%, respectively. The fluidity of the powder became poor, but the powder was more delicate, the color was more uniform and bright. Superfine grinding would not change the functional groups of CQSP, but destroy the cellulose in powder, part of the long chain would become short chain, and reduce the thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface structure of the CQSP was destroyed via superfine grinding, making the samples tiny, uniform and fragmented. In conclusion, the superfine grinding technology could effectively improve the sensory properties, functions and processing characteristics of CQSP, and would provide a theoretical basis for improving the utilization rate and expanding the application.