生物传感器检测食物过敏原的研究进展

食物过敏是严重的公共卫生问题，它影响全世界5%的成人和8%的儿童，且患病率仍在上升。食物过敏目前尚无根治疗法，避免摄入或接触含过敏原的食物仍是患者的最佳选择。食物过敏原的检测与食物生产、标识及风险管理等息息相关，是保障食品安全的关键环节之一，故开发出快速、灵敏、准确、可重现和标准化的方法对保护过敏患者至关重要。相较于传统的检测方法，生物传感器作为一类多学科交叉融合的新兴技术，具有灵敏度高、高度自动化、易操作、响应快速和样品用量微等优点，已广泛应用于食物过敏原的检测。本文从原理、优缺点和应用等方面对光学生物传感器、电化学生物传感器、压电免疫生物传感器在检测食物过敏原上进行了阐述和总结，对生物传感器在食物过敏原检测中未来发展的趋势进行了展望，以期为快速现场定量检测食物过敏原提供参考。

Research Progress of Biosensors in Detecting Food Allergens

Food allergy is a serious public health problem which affects 5% of adults and 8% of children in the world, and the prevalence is still rising. Because there is currently no cure for food allergy, it is still the best choice for patients that strictly avoiding substitution or contacting with allergen food. The detection of allergen in food is closely related to food production, labelling and risk management, which is one of the critical steps in guarantee of food safety. Therefore, it is critical for protecting sensitive patients to develop rapid, sensitive, accurate, reproducible and standardized methods. Compared with traditional detection methods, biosensor, as an emerging type of multi-disciplinary cross-fusion technology, takes the advantages of high sensitivity, highly automated, easy operation, fast response, less sample usage and so on. It has been widely used in the detection of food allergens. In this article, we elaborate and review the detection of food allergens by optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and piezoelectric immune biosensors from the principles, advantages, disadvantages and applications. Finally, we look forward to the future development trend of biosensor in the detection of food allergens and provide a reliable analysis method for rapid on-site quantitative detection of food allergens.