淀粉纳米颗粒的醇沉法制备与同步包埋山奈酚的研究

以木薯淀粉为原料，通过超声波搅拌制备淀粉纳米颗粒，采用扫描电镜、激光纳米粒度仪、X-射线衍射进行表征。在淀粉纳米颗粒的沉降阶段中，以0.7 mg/mL的山奈酚醇溶液作为非溶剂相，同步对山奈酚包埋，制备山奈酚淀粉纳米颗粒。探索乙醇浓度对山奈酚包埋率的影响，考察包埋体系对山奈酚释放率和稳定性的影响。结果表明，乙醇浓度在60%时形成淀粉纳米颗粒，形貌较好，尺寸均匀分布在50～200 nm之间；乙醇浓度低于40%时生成V型淀粉颗粒。乙醇浓度为30%时，山奈酚的包埋率最高，可达62.94%，包埋量为3.78 mg/g；在模拟体液环境中，山奈酚淀粉纳米颗粒可持续释药20 h，释药率为88.75%，而山奈酚原药在3 h基本释放完全，释放率为93.75%，且释放速率随缓释介质的乙醇浓度升高而加快。相对山奈酚水溶液，山奈酚淀粉纳米颗粒在室温下静置5 h，山奈酚的保留率由43.17%提高至75%，具有稳定的包埋作用。由此可知，同步包埋制备技术对山奈酚具有良好的包埋缓释效果和稳定作用。

Preparation of Starch Nanoparticle by Alcohol Precipitation and Simultaneous Embedding of Kaempferol

Using tapioca starch as raw material, starch nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic stirring, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, laser nanoparticle sizer, and X-ray diffraction. In the sedimentation stage of starch nanoparticles, kaempferol solution was used as the non-solvent phase with 0.7 mg/mL kaempferol solution to simultaneously embed kaempferol to prepare kaempferol starch nanoparticles. The influence of ethanol concentration on the embedding rate of kaempferol was explored, and the release rate and stability of kaempferol after embedding were investigated. The results showed that when the ethanol concentration was 60%, starch nanoparticles were formed, and the size was uniformly distributed between 50 and 200 nm, when the ethanol concentration was less than 40%, V-shaped starch particles were formed. When the ethanol concentration was 30%, the entrapment rate of kaempferol was the highest, at 62.94%, and the embedding amount was 3.78 mg/g. In a simulated body fluid environment, the kaempferol starch nanoparticles can continuously release the drug for 20 h. The release rate was 88.75%, while the original kaempferol was almost completely released in 3 h, the release rate was 93.75%, and the release rate increased with the increasing of the ethanol concentration of the sustained-release medium. Compared with the aqueous solution of kaempferol, the retention rate of kaempferol increased from 43.17% to 75% when the kaempferol starch nanoparticles were allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 h, which had a stable embedding effect. It could be seen that the simultaneous embedding preparation technology would have a good embedding slow-release effect and stabilizing effect on kaempferol.