乳酸菌抗冷胁迫作用研究进展

极端低温会导致细胞内及周围形成冰晶，降低细胞膜的流动性和透过性，导致部分蛋白质及核酸的异常折叠，从而影响细胞的存活性能。本文综述了冷胁迫对乳酸菌细胞膜流动性、蛋白质和核酸功能造成的影响，总结了乳酸菌抗冷胁迫所采用的策略，并归纳了研究乳酸菌抗冷胁迫作用的常用方法。同时，对乳酸菌抗冷胁迫作用未来的研究方向进行展望，即可从基因组学的角度出发，对合成脂肪酸相关基因进行研究，探索乳酸菌调控膜脂组成的具体机制。此外，在未来的研究中应当更加关注冷休克蛋白的结构与功能之间的关联性。

Research Progress in the Cold Resistance of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Extremely low environmental temperature would lead the intracellular as well as the extracellular ice formation,decrease the fluidity and permeability of microbial cell membrane,cause abnormal folding of some proteins and nucleic acids in the cells and thus decrease the survival of the bacterial cells.In this paper,the effects of cold stress on membrane fluidity,protein and nucleic acid function of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are reviewed,and the strategies adopted by LAB to overcome the multiple challenges encountered in cold stress are discussed,and the methodology employed to explore the cold stress on bacteria is also summarized.Perspective research of cold resistance of LAB should highlight on genomics,targeting on the critical genes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids,to unravel the mechanism of LAB in regulating membrane lipid composition.In addition,emphasis should be focused on the flexibility of the structure of chaperones,especially those of cold shock proteins on the resistance to the producer cells under cold stress.